Plasmonic coupling-enhanced in situ photothermal nanoreactor with shape selective catalysis for C–C coupling reaction

Carbon-carbon(C–C)coupling reactions represent one of the most powerful tools for the synthesis of complex natural products,bioactive molecules developed as drugs and agrochemicals.In this work,a multifunctional nanoreactor for C–C coupling reaction was successfully fabricated via encapsulating the core-shell Cu@Ni nanocubes into ZIF-8(Cu@Ni@ZIF-8).In this nanoreactor,Ni shell of the core-shell Cu@Ni nanocubes was the catalytical active center,and Cu core was in situ heating source for the catalyst by absorbing the visible light.Moreover,benefiting from the plasmonic resonance effect between Cu@Ni nanocubes encapsulated in ZIF-8,the absorption range of nanoreactor was widened and the utilization rate of visible light was enhanced.Most importantly,the microporous structure of ZIF-8 provided shape-selective of reactant.This composite was used for the highly shape-selective and stable photocatalysed C–C coupling reaction of boric acid under visible light irradiation.After five cycles,the nanoreactor still remained high catalytical activity.This Cu@Ni@ZIF-8 nanoreactor opens a way for photocatalytic C–C coupling reactions with shape-selectivity.

Three-dimensional ultrasound subwavelength arbitrary focusing with broadband sparse metalens

Ultrasound focusing in three-dimensional(3 D)space is of crucial and enduring significance in a variety of biomedical and industrial applications.Conventional ultrasound focusing based on active phase array or passive geometry of bulky size is unable to realize the 3 D arbitrary focusing with subwavelength resolution.Acoustic metamaterial of complex deep-subwavelength microstructure has facilitated the advanced airborne-sound-focusing but is inevitably not applicable for underwater ultrasound,restricted by the law between the multi-modes coupling/thermal viscosity and the feature size of the structure.Here,we aim to circumvent the restriction by increasing the feature size of the metamaterial while keeping the compact overall geometry,and realize the robust subwavelength ultrasound focusing with the sparse metalens of the wavelength-scale meta-atom.We theoretically propose and demonstrate numerically and experimentally the broadband arbitrary ultrasound focusing in 3 D space.The axial and off-axis ultrasound focusing with the subwavelength resolution(FWHM<0.58λ)are achieved by the spatially sparse and compact metalens within one-octave bandwidth.With advantages of 3 D freewheeling focusing,subwavelength resolution,spatial sparsity,geometric simplicity,and broadband,the sparse metalens would offer more initiatives to advanced researches in ultrasound focusing and empower applications such as precise biomedical imaging and therapy,nondestructive evaluation,integrated and multiplexed ultrasound devices.

The Influence and Treatment of the Intestinal Microbiome on Child Respiratory Diseases

The intestinal microbiome has a great influence on human health through its close interaction with the human body,including growth,development,maturation,immunity,and anti-aging.Numerous studies have reported that the intestinal microbiome is related to the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of diseases.Variable clinical interventions,such as prebiotics and probiotics have been widely used to cure people.However,probiotics might suffer from viability issues.Therefore,new technologies are being exploited to solve these problems.In this review,we describe the correlation between the intestinal microbiome and children respiratory diseases,present therapies based on microecological theory,and introduce some new technologies aimed to improve the efficacy of microbiological therapies.