In this paper we present a filter-trust-region algorithm for solving LC1 unconstrained optimization problems which uses the second Dini upper directional derivative. We establish the global convergence of the algorith...In this paper we present a filter-trust-region algorithm for solving LC1 unconstrained optimization problems which uses the second Dini upper directional derivative. We establish the global convergence of the algorithm under reasonable assumptions.展开更多
Maybe it is the most important medical reform for current China to adopt the bid-and-procurement scheme to correct the distortion of pharmaceutical resources allocation. Nevertheless, overpriced drugs often happen. Th...Maybe it is the most important medical reform for current China to adopt the bid-and-procurement scheme to correct the distortion of pharmaceutical resources allocation. Nevertheless, overpriced drugs often happen. This article aims to identify potential factors leading to the overpriced. Based on the mechanism rules of the scheme, it is found that unethical doctors are crucial to high price markup in the pricing pattern of drugs. Under China＇s actual conditions, asymmetric ownership is identified to be another cause of the overpriced by developing an asymmetric bidding model. How are the impacts of these two factors to be alleviated？ Upon examination, several reform measures cannot effectively avoid the occurrence of the overpriced. Yet, the issue is very urgent for China because it is facing with the problem of population aging. Therefore, alternative options - a regulation-penalty tool and an investment subsidy policy - are proposed to improve China＇s health care.展开更多
基金Supported by CERG: CityU 101005 of the Government of Hong Kong SAR, Chinathe National Natural ScienceFoundation of China, the Specialized Research Fund of Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20040319003)the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK2006214)
文摘In this paper we present a filter-trust-region algorithm for solving LC1 unconstrained optimization problems which uses the second Dini upper directional derivative. We establish the global convergence of the algorithm under reasonable assumptions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Numbers 60773133,70471003,and 60573074the High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2007AA01Z165+1 种基金the Foundation of Doctoral Program Research of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20050108004Key Project of Science and Technology Research of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Maybe it is the most important medical reform for current China to adopt the bid-and-procurement scheme to correct the distortion of pharmaceutical resources allocation. Nevertheless, overpriced drugs often happen. This article aims to identify potential factors leading to the overpriced. Based on the mechanism rules of the scheme, it is found that unethical doctors are crucial to high price markup in the pricing pattern of drugs. Under China＇s actual conditions, asymmetric ownership is identified to be another cause of the overpriced by developing an asymmetric bidding model. How are the impacts of these two factors to be alleviated？ Upon examination, several reform measures cannot effectively avoid the occurrence of the overpriced. Yet, the issue is very urgent for China because it is facing with the problem of population aging. Therefore, alternative options - a regulation-penalty tool and an investment subsidy policy - are proposed to improve China＇s health care.
