[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction ...[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction and culture. [ Result ] The results showed that sterilization with 0. 1% HgC12 for 10 min achieved better effects, with an explants contamination rate of dO. 0% and a mortality rate of 15.0% ; stem segments of the 2na -5th buds below the terminal bud were better explants materials for initial induction; the best sampling time was January, with an induction rate as high as 81.1%, while the contamination rate was only 11.7% ; modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA was the optimal medium for explants induction of L. cubeba. [ Conclusion] Semi-lignified stem segments of L cubeba collected in January, sterilized with 0.1% HgCI2 for 10 min and cultured in modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA a- chieved better induction effects on L. cubeba seedlings.展开更多
Collective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans.Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions,yet understanding the ...Collective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans.Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions,yet understanding the rules governing this behavior is in its infancy.We primarily took advantage of the Drosophila model to investigate cooperative foraging behavior.Here,we report that Drosophila-related species and the black soldier fly have evolved a conserved strategy of cluster digging in food foraging.Subsequently,we investigated relative factors,including larval stage,population density,and food stiffness and quality,that affect the cluster digging behavior.Remarkably,oxygen supply through the posterior breathing spiracles is necessary for the organization of digging clusters.More importantly,we theoretically devise a mathematical model to accurately calculate how the cluster digging behavior expands food resources by diving depth,cross-section area,and food volume.We found that cluster digging behavior approximately increases 2.2 fold depth,1.7-fold cross-section area,and 1.9 fold volume than control groups,respectively.Amplification of food sources significantly facilitates survival,larval development,and reproductive success of Drosophila challenged with competition for limited food resources,thereby conferring trophic benefits to fitness in insects.Overall,our findings highlight that the cluster digging behavior is a pivotal behavior for their adaptation to food scarcity,advancing a better understanding of how this cooperative behavior confers fitness benefits in the animal kingdom.展开更多
Ediacaran successions occur widely in various depositional facies in South China and yield a series of fossil Lagerst?tten, providing a complete fossil record for the evolution of marine ecosystems after the terminal ...Ediacaran successions occur widely in various depositional facies in South China and yield a series of fossil Lagerst?tten, providing a complete fossil record for the evolution of marine ecosystems after the terminal Cryogenian global glaciation. Carbonate-dominated Ediacaran successions in shallow water facies in South China record a nearly complete δ^(13)C profile that may reflect variations of marine carbon isotopic composition during the Ediacaran Period. The Ediacaran fossils andδ^(13)C profiles from South China permit stratigraphic correlation and subdivision of the Ediacaran strata. Based on biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic, and geochronometric data from the Ediacaran successions in South China, we propose that the Ediacaran System in China can be subdivided into two series, with three stages in each series. The lower series is characterized by acanthomorphic acritarchs and the upper series by Ediacara-type macrofossils, and the two series are separated by the declining limb of a pronounced δ^(13)C negative excursion(EN3) in the upper Doushantuo Formation. The basal boundary of Stage1 is the same as the basal boundary of Ediacaran System, which has been defined at the base of the cap carbonate unit. Stage 2 represents the first radiation of Ediacaran microscopic organisms, with δ^(13)C feature representing by positive values(EP1). The base of the Stage 2 is placed at the first appearance level of a spiny acritarch species. Stage 3 is characterized by the occurrence of more diverse acritarchs and δ^(13)C feature EP2, with its basal boundary defined by a δ^(13)C negative excursion(EN2) occurring in the middle Doushantuo Formation. The basal boundary of Stage 4 is the same as the upper series. Stage 5 is marked by the occurrence of macrfossils of Miaohe biota, and its lower boundary can be placed at the level where δ^(13)C values transition from positive to negative in MNE, or the first appearance level of macrofossils of the Miaohe biota. Stage 6 is characterized by the occurrences of Ediacara-type Shibantan biota and Gaojiashan biota, with its lower boundary defined by the first appearance level of Conotubus hemiannulatus. The formal establishment of the aforementioned series and stages requires further and more detailed integrative stratigraphic study on the Ediacaran successions in China. Some of the Ediacaran successions in South China have great potential to become global standards in Ediacaran subdivision.展开更多
文摘[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction and culture. [ Result ] The results showed that sterilization with 0. 1% HgC12 for 10 min achieved better effects, with an explants contamination rate of dO. 0% and a mortality rate of 15.0% ; stem segments of the 2na -5th buds below the terminal bud were better explants materials for initial induction; the best sampling time was January, with an induction rate as high as 81.1%, while the contamination rate was only 11.7% ; modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA was the optimal medium for explants induction of L. cubeba. [ Conclusion] Semi-lignified stem segments of L cubeba collected in January, sterilized with 0.1% HgCI2 for 10 min and cultured in modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA a- chieved better induction effects on L. cubeba seedlings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501175)Grants of Anhui Natural Science Foundation(20230302123239)Talent Grants of Anhui Agricultural University(RC342201).
文摘Collective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans.Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions,yet understanding the rules governing this behavior is in its infancy.We primarily took advantage of the Drosophila model to investigate cooperative foraging behavior.Here,we report that Drosophila-related species and the black soldier fly have evolved a conserved strategy of cluster digging in food foraging.Subsequently,we investigated relative factors,including larval stage,population density,and food stiffness and quality,that affect the cluster digging behavior.Remarkably,oxygen supply through the posterior breathing spiracles is necessary for the organization of digging clusters.More importantly,we theoretically devise a mathematical model to accurately calculate how the cluster digging behavior expands food resources by diving depth,cross-section area,and food volume.We found that cluster digging behavior approximately increases 2.2 fold depth,1.7-fold cross-section area,and 1.9 fold volume than control groups,respectively.Amplification of food sources significantly facilitates survival,larval development,and reproductive success of Drosophila challenged with competition for limited food resources,thereby conferring trophic benefits to fitness in insects.Overall,our findings highlight that the cluster digging behavior is a pivotal behavior for their adaptation to food scarcity,advancing a better understanding of how this cooperative behavior confers fitness benefits in the animal kingdom.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB18000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41672027)
文摘Ediacaran successions occur widely in various depositional facies in South China and yield a series of fossil Lagerst?tten, providing a complete fossil record for the evolution of marine ecosystems after the terminal Cryogenian global glaciation. Carbonate-dominated Ediacaran successions in shallow water facies in South China record a nearly complete δ^(13)C profile that may reflect variations of marine carbon isotopic composition during the Ediacaran Period. The Ediacaran fossils andδ^(13)C profiles from South China permit stratigraphic correlation and subdivision of the Ediacaran strata. Based on biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic, and geochronometric data from the Ediacaran successions in South China, we propose that the Ediacaran System in China can be subdivided into two series, with three stages in each series. The lower series is characterized by acanthomorphic acritarchs and the upper series by Ediacara-type macrofossils, and the two series are separated by the declining limb of a pronounced δ^(13)C negative excursion(EN3) in the upper Doushantuo Formation. The basal boundary of Stage1 is the same as the basal boundary of Ediacaran System, which has been defined at the base of the cap carbonate unit. Stage 2 represents the first radiation of Ediacaran microscopic organisms, with δ^(13)C feature representing by positive values(EP1). The base of the Stage 2 is placed at the first appearance level of a spiny acritarch species. Stage 3 is characterized by the occurrence of more diverse acritarchs and δ^(13)C feature EP2, with its basal boundary defined by a δ^(13)C negative excursion(EN2) occurring in the middle Doushantuo Formation. The basal boundary of Stage 4 is the same as the upper series. Stage 5 is marked by the occurrence of macrfossils of Miaohe biota, and its lower boundary can be placed at the level where δ^(13)C values transition from positive to negative in MNE, or the first appearance level of macrofossils of the Miaohe biota. Stage 6 is characterized by the occurrences of Ediacara-type Shibantan biota and Gaojiashan biota, with its lower boundary defined by the first appearance level of Conotubus hemiannulatus. The formal establishment of the aforementioned series and stages requires further and more detailed integrative stratigraphic study on the Ediacaran successions in China. Some of the Ediacaran successions in South China have great potential to become global standards in Ediacaran subdivision.
