The relationships between hyaluronic acid(HA)and pathological microorganisms incite new understandings on microbial infection,tissue penetration,disease progression and lastly,potential treatments.These understandings...The relationships between hyaluronic acid(HA)and pathological microorganisms incite new understandings on microbial infection,tissue penetration,disease progression and lastly,potential treatments.These understandings are important for the advancement of next generation antimicrobial therapeutical strategies for the control of healthcare-associated infections.Herein,this review will focus on the interplay between HA,bacteria,fungi,and viruses.This review will also comprehensively detail and discuss the antimicrobial activity displayed by various HA molecular weights for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications,including microbiology,pharmaceutics,and tissue engineering.展开更多
Since the identification and cloning of interleukin(IL)-38 in 2001,a plethora of studies have focused on its essential roles as a novel IL-1 family cytokine in both innate and acquired immunity.Based on the shared tra...Since the identification and cloning of interleukin(IL)-38 in 2001,a plethora of studies have focused on its essential roles as a novel IL-1 family cytokine in both innate and acquired immunity.Based on the shared traits with IL-36 receptor antagonist(IL-36Ra)and IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra),IL-38 constitutes one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines within the IL-36 subfamily and thus elicits its antagonistic effects through binding to IL-36 receptor(IL-36R)and to IL-R1 with a relatively low affinity[1,2].IL-38 has been proven to bind to X-linked interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1(IL1RAPL1)[1],and IL1RAPL1 therefore serves as a novel receptor of IL-38.展开更多
基金would like to thank the funding provided by the Irish Research Council through the IRC Postdoctoral Fellowship(GOIPG/2021/75).
文摘The relationships between hyaluronic acid(HA)and pathological microorganisms incite new understandings on microbial infection,tissue penetration,disease progression and lastly,potential treatments.These understandings are important for the advancement of next generation antimicrobial therapeutical strategies for the control of healthcare-associated infections.Herein,this review will focus on the interplay between HA,bacteria,fungi,and viruses.This review will also comprehensively detail and discuss the antimicrobial activity displayed by various HA molecular weights for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications,including microbiology,pharmaceutics,and tissue engineering.
基金This work was supported by grants from Innovation and Technology Fund Tier 2(ref.:PRP/008/21FX)Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong.
文摘Since the identification and cloning of interleukin(IL)-38 in 2001,a plethora of studies have focused on its essential roles as a novel IL-1 family cytokine in both innate and acquired immunity.Based on the shared traits with IL-36 receptor antagonist(IL-36Ra)and IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra),IL-38 constitutes one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines within the IL-36 subfamily and thus elicits its antagonistic effects through binding to IL-36 receptor(IL-36R)and to IL-R1 with a relatively low affinity[1,2].IL-38 has been proven to bind to X-linked interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1(IL1RAPL1)[1],and IL1RAPL1 therefore serves as a novel receptor of IL-38.
