Two different autorefractors for vision screening in children and adolescents

AIM:To compare the consistency of two autorefractors(Tianle RM-9000 and Topcon KR-800)for school-age myopia children,and to provide a basis for largescale data analysis and comparison.METHODS:The refractive error in 909 subjects(age 4–18y)were measured using both autorefractors without cycloplegia.The data were analyzed using Fourier decomposition and the correlation coefficients,intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),and Bland-Altman limits of agreement(LoA)for each parameter were calculated.RESULTS:There was a strong correlation between the spherical equivalent(SE),sphere diopter(DS),and cylinder diopter(DC)readings of the Tianle RM-9000 and those of the Topcon KR-800,with correlation coefficient values of 0.98,0.98 and 0.83 and ICC values of 0.99,0.99 and 0.93,respectively.However,the correlation coefficients and ICC values of J0 and J45 were unreliable(R=-0.004,-0.034;both ICC<0.10).Bland-Altman analysis revealed that SE,DS,and DC measured by the Tianle RM-9000 were significantly biased toward myopia compared with the Topcon KR-800,and the mean differences were-0.072,-0.026,-0.091 D,respectively(all P<0.01).The minimum absolute value of the difference within the 95%LoA for SE,DS,and DC was 0.63 D,0.50 D,0.62 D,respectively;all these values were in the clinically acceptable range.For J0 and J45,the mean differences were close to zero(P=0.43,0.84);however,the 95%LoA were relatively wide(J0 SD:0.53;95%CI:-1.00,1.10;J45 SD:0.52;95%CI:-1.00,1.00).CONCLUSION:The two autorefractors are consistent with each other,as the differences in SE,DS,and DC were within the clinically acceptable range.Readers can compare the data measured by either device in different studies and use the two devices in the same study to generate a dataset that can be analyzed together.However,the J0 and J45 vectors are unreliable and should not be used to assess astigmatism.

Variations in microbial community during nitrogen removal by in situ oxygen-enhanced indigenous nitrogen-removal bacteria

In this study, the enclosure system exhibited perfect nitrogen removal performance with in situ oxygen-enhanced indigenous aerobic denitrifying bacteria in an enclosure experiment. We explored changes in the microbial community during the nitrogen removal process using the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed a total of 7974 and 33653 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) for water and sediment systems, respectively, with 97% similarity. The OTUs were found to be affiliated with eight main phyla(Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria). The diversity of the enhanced system was found to be higher than that of the control system. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed that significant spatial and temporal differences were exhibited in the microbial community during nitrogen removal in the enclosure experiment. Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that physical parameters(temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH), nitrogen(total nitrogen and nitrate), functional genes(nirK and nirS), and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) were the most important factors affecting bacterial community function and composition. Lastly, the results suggested that the variation in the microbial community could be analyzed through the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology,which may provide technical support for future field tests.

Genetic Basis of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the result of multiple risk factors,including environmental factors,genetic factors and the interaction between them.The environmental factors mainly include dietary,Helicobacter pylori infection and family history of gastric cancer.Genetic factors mainly refer to the susceptible genes that cause epigenetic alterations in oncogenes,tumor suppress genes,cell cycle regulators,DNA repair genes and signaling molecules.This paper summarizes the susceptible genes of gastric cancer and explores the genetic basis of it.

Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Theory in Insomnia

With the development of modern bio-psycho-social medical model and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution theory,we gradually realize that the exploration of the constitution characteristics of insomnia is of great significance for the reveal of the origin of insomnia and the innovation of its treatment and nursing methods.This paper focused on the analysis of the investigation of TCM constitution classification of insomnia and the application of TCM constitution theory in the treatmentand nursing of insomnia.Moreover,the research prospect of insomnia in TCM constitution was discussed.The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for the treatment and nursing of patients with insomnia based on analysis of constitution differentiationin the future,and to better serve the clinic.

Prostate Specific Antigen Promoter-Driven Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Both ODC and AdoMetDC Antisenses Inhibit Prostate Cancer Growth

Objective：To generate recombinant adenovirus that could simultaneously express ornithine decarboxylase（ODC） and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase（AdoMetDC） antisenses specifically in prostate cancer cells,and evaluate its inhibitory effect on prostate cancer in vivo.Methods：Fragments of ODC and AdoMetDC genes were generated by PCR,cloned into the pPGL-PSES,and then recombined with pAdEasy-1 vectors in AdEasy-1 cells.Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas virus was produced in HEK293 cells.Following transfection with Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas,the levels of ODC or AdoMetDC were determined by RT-PCR and western blot assays.The effect of Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas treatment on tumor formation and growth was evaluated in xenograft models of prostate cancers in vivo.Results：The plasmid pAdEasy-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas was successfully constructed and the recombinant Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas adenovirus was produced.Transfection with Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas adenovirus significantly inhibited the expression of ODC and AdoMetDC genes specifically in prostate DU145 cells,but not H1299,HT29 and HepG2 cancer cells,and disrupted the ability of DU145 cells to form solid prostate cancer in vivo.Intratumoral treatment with Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas adenovirus significantly inhibited the growth of engrafted prostate tumors in vivo.Conclusion：The recombinant Ad-PSES-ODC-AdoMetDCas adenovirus specifically reduces the expression of both ODC and AdoMetDC genes in prostate cells and may be used for treatment of prostate cancers at the clinic.

Research on the influence of traditional Chinese medicine therapy on the intestinal flora in obese patients

In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing year by year, leading to a rise in serious complications. The pathogenesis of obesity is complicated in which the intestinal flora plays an important role. Intestinal micro ecology is composed of large and complex intestinal flora that participate in important physiological functions such as metabolism, energy conversion, maintaining intestinal mucosal defense function, and promoting immune system development and maturation and other important physiological functions;furthermore, they are influenced by the host’s genetic background, diet, and other factors. Therefore, intestinal microflora has potential as a new field of drug therapy. At present, it is found that traditional Chinese medicine therapy may prevent and treat obesity by interfering with the intestinal flora, which is expected to become one of the main treatment methods for obese patients. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The balance of intestinal flora can be adjusted by acupuncture, massage, and acupoint application. By analyzing the mechanism of obesity caused by intestinal micro ecology and the impact of obesity on the host’s intestinal micro ecological environment, this paper discusses the influence of oral Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, acupoint sticking, and other traditional Chinese medicine therapies on the intestinal microflora in obese patients and provides a scientific basis for its clinical application.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in hyperten hypertension with insomnia: A literature review

目前,高血压合并失眠仍缺乏统一有效的治疗手段,而中医护理技术能够有效高血压合并失眠患者的失眠症状,降低血压,缓解疲劳,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高生活质量等。中医护理技术在高血压合并失眠患者中的应用不仅包括穴位按摩、穴位贴敷、耳穴压豆等单一中医护理技术的应用,还包括两种或多种中医护理技术的应用等。本文通过综述有关高血压合并失眠的中医护理技术应用现状,旨在为高血压合并失眠患者的治疗提供参考。

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine nursing for pelvic inflammatory disease sequelae

Pelvic inflammatory disease refers to a group of female genital tr act on infec tious disease, mainly including endometritis, tubal phlogistic, oviduct ovarian abscess, if not 廿mely tr eatment of the disease is easy to become chr onic, now called pelvic inflammatory disease sequelae, clinical manifestations in chronic pelvic pain, recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, affect women's physical and mental health. TCM nursing based on the basic theory of TCM, apply the overall view, the nursing method of syndrome differentiation, the traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique is widely used in the disease, such as traditional Chinese medicine enema, Chinese medicine external treatment, moxibustion, ear acupuncture point buries a seed, methods of modern nursing, has the characteristics of simple and cheap effect, can reduce the swelling fights, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, relieve the pelvic congestion, promote drainage in abdominal and pelvic cavity and the absorption of bag piece, adjust the viscera function, obvious effect and has unique advantages, further prove the uniqueness of TCM nursing and safety, provide the basis for clinical treatment.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Theory in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis

This paper expounds the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution applied to patients with cervical spondylosis,in order to clarify the distribution characteristics of TCM constitution of patients with cervical spondylosis.And to analyze the correlation between TCM constitution theory and cervical spondylosis is helpful to provide ideas for integrated nursing care of TCM and western medicine in patients with cervical spondylosis,and provide the basis for the construction of health management program and the evaluation of health promotion effect.

The effects of TCM nursing intervention on the life quality of cancer patients with pain: a review of recent research

Tumor pain is common in patients with advanced cancer;70-80% have varying degrees of pain. Treatment of cancer pain has become a difficult issue in oncology, poor pain control often seriously affects the patients' life quality. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing intervention can improve symptoms and quality of life (QOL) through massage, external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, and auricular therapy, which have unique curative effects such as regulating qi and blood, stabilizing the mind, and enhancing immunity. Not only does TCM nursing intervention prevent disease but also cultivates the mind, helps achieve systemic relaxation, and reduces the pain of cancer patients and the toxic side effects of painkillers, so as to improve QOL and satisfaction, making it worthy of clinical popularization and application. At present, there is an urgent need to carry out high-quality, multi-center, large-sample randomized controlled trials and develop a standardized TCM nursing intervention implementation scheme and efficacy standards to promote its application.

Implementation status quo of traditional Chinese medicine nursing program for advantaged diseases

随着中医优势病种护理方案的出台,其在临床的应用得到了广泛的关注。中医优势病种护理方案能积极促进中医辨证施护的临床发展。本文介绍了中医优势病种护理方案在临床实施情况,总结了其存在的问题并提出了促进其完善的措施,最后文章对中医优势病种护理方案进行了探讨和展望。为医护工作者有效地促进优势病种中医护理方案的应用和实施提供理论依据和参考。

Construction of traditional Chinese medicine culture and characteristic communityculture： a review

博大精深的中医药文化作为中华民族优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,滋养着现代中医药事业的蓬勃发展.目前,中医药文化面临挑战和机遇.作为中医药文化的接班人,我们承担着传承和弘扬中医药文化的重担.特色社区文化在居民对中医药文化认同过程中发挥着价值引导、教育传播两大主要功能,因此在中医药优秀传统文化精髓的指导下建立特色社区文化,能有效地传承和礼敬传统中医药文化.

机械损伤和昆虫取食对紫茎泽兰与本地同属植物防御表达和补偿作用的差异

入侵地群落中的本地草食昆虫取食可以影响植物生长的适合度,从而有助于抵抗外来植物入侵。紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是一种入侵性很强的外来物种,在中国南方许多省份已形成密集的单优群落。很多学者认为天敌逃逸是外来植物入侵的一个重要原因,但前期研究发现当地的几种广谱天敌能够取食紫茎泽兰。因此,本研究通过与本地同属植物异叶泽兰(E.heterophyllum)比较,来评估是否低水平的防御表达和高的生物量补偿促进了紫茎泽兰的成功入侵。本文分别比较了在广谱天敌棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)取食和机械损伤情况下紫茎泽兰和异叶泽兰早期防御信号茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸-异亮氨酸(JA-Ile)、叶绿素荧光、非靶代谢组学特征以及补偿生长等方面的差异。研究结果表明,机械损伤和模拟取食能立即启动入侵植物紫茎泽兰和本地同属植物异叶泽兰的天敌防御,诱导两种植物特异性的生理反馈。异叶泽兰对组织损伤更为敏感,相比于入侵植物紫茎泽兰产生了更丰富的防御化合物。棉铃虫取食比机械损伤对防御诱导的影响更大;与异叶泽兰相比,紫茎泽兰具有较高的补偿生长能力,可以抵消生物量损失和防御成本的投入,受到的影响相对较小。较低的代谢防御和较高的补偿生长可能有助于紫茎泽兰的入侵成功。

Flavonoids in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms

Ischemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Effective restoration of blood flow can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. However, reperfusion injury cannot be ignored. Flavonoids possess well-established antioxidant properties;They also have other benefits that may be relevant for ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI). In this review,we focus on flavonoids with cardiovascular-protection function and emphasize their pharmacological effects. The main mechanisms of flavonoid pharmacological activities against MIRI involve the following aspects: a) antioxidant, b) anti-inflammatory, c) anti-platelet aggregation, d) anti-apoptosis, and e)myocardial-function regulation activities. We also summarized the effectiveness of flavonoids for MIRI.

Laser cladding of NiCrSiB on Monel 400 to enhance cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance

NiCrSiB modified layer was synthesized on Monel 400 by laser cladding,aiming at improving cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance.The microstructure,chemical composition,phase constituents and microhardness were investigated using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and microhardness tester.The cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviors of the modified layer were also evaluated using an ultrasonic vibrator and potentiodynamic polarization measurement,respectively.Experimental results show that by varying the laser fluence,a hard NiCrSiB modified layer with little airholes,cracks or other defects could be obtained.NiCrSiB modified layer is ~1.1 mm in thickness.The microstructure of the modified layer exhibits cellular dendrite,flake-like dendrite and multiple eutectic phase.The modified layer is mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution,chromium carbide(Cr_(7)C_(3)and Cr_(23)C_(6)) and Ni_(3)B.The microhardness of the modified layer is ~6.8 times that of Monel 400 substrate.Both the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of the modified layer are improved.In the cavitation erosion test,the cumulative erosion loss and erosion loss rate of the modified layer are one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate.In the electrochemical corrosion test,the corrosion potentials of the substrate and the modified layer are similar.The corrosion current densities of the substrate and the modified layer are 11.12 and 1.95 μA·cm^(-2),respectively.By comparing their corrosion current densities,the corrosion resistance of the modified layer is about 5.7 times that of the substrate.

Metal-free phthalocyanine single crystal： Solvothermal synthesis and near-infrared electroluminescence

A metal-flee purple H2Pc single crystal was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method, and its solubility and near-infrared （NIR） optical properties were also investigated due to its potential applications as a light-emitting layer for OLEDs. The H2Pc single crystal is insoluble in 1-chlorine naphthalene and other organic solvents. It gives a wide absorption in the range from 620 nm to 679 nm and a wide emission in near 922 nm. As an active light-emitting layer, H2Pc was employed to fabricate electroluminescent （EL） devices with a structure of ITO/NPB （30 nm）/Alq3：H2Pc （30 nm）/BCP （20 nm）/ Alq3 （20 nm）/Al. The emission center is at 936 nm when the H2Pc doping concentration is 20 wt%. The doping concentration strongly governs the emission intensity. When doping concentration decreases from 10 wt% to 1 wt%, the emission intensity remarkably fades, and simultaneously the emission center undergoes a blue shift.

Functionally Graded Stainless Steel Fabricated by Direct Laser Deposition: Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties and Hardness

Direct laser metal deposition is a kind of advanced rapid manufacturing technology, which can produce near net shape parts by depositing metal powders layer by layer. This study demonstrates fabrication, the anisotropy of mechanical properties and hardness of a graded steel. The characteristics of constituent phases, microstructure, mechanical anisotropy, and microhardness were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction, optical microscopy, tensile test machine, and microhardness tester. It was found that the graded steel is dense and free of cracks. The crystal structures of the as-built samples evolved in three grades from fcc structures to fcc ＋ bcc structures and then to bcc ＋ fcc structures. Samples in x and z directions showed obvious mechanical anisotropy. The samples machined in x direction showed higher strength and lower elongation than those machined in z direction due to the presence of lack-of-fusion pores and the higher metallurgical bonding between layers in the x direction. The microhardness of the as-built samples increased along the cross section from the substrate （159.7 HV） to the top surface （545.4 HV）.