Lactobacillus crispatus M206119 exacerbates murine DSS-colitis by interfering with inflammatory responses

AIM:To investigate the role of Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus) strain China Center for Type Culture Collection(CCTCC) M206119 in intestinal inflammation.METHODS:Forty 8-wk-old Balb/c mice(20 ± 2 g) were divided into four groups of 10 mice each.Three groups that had received dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) were administered normal saline,sulfasalazine or CCTCC M206119 strain,and the fourth group received none of these.We assessed the severity of colitis using a disease activity index,measured the colon length and weight,collected stools and mesenteric lymph nodes for bacterial microflora analysis.One centimeter of the proximal colon,middle colon and distal colon were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin,dehydrated in ethanol,and embedded in paraffin.Interleukin(IL)1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α expression was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Protective factors zonula occludens(ZO)-1 and β-defensin 2 were detected by immunoblotting.The features of CCTCC M206119 strain were identified based on morphology,biochemical profile,and 16S RNA sequencing.RESULTS:DSS-colitis animals treated with CCTCC M206119 had markedly more severe disease,with greater weight loss,diarrhea,fecal bleeding,and shortened colon length.In addition,the CCTCC-M206119treated group had comparatively higher histological scores and more neutrophil infiltration than the controls.Expression of protective factors ZO-1 and β-defensin 2 was downregulated due to destruction of the mucosal barrier after CCTCC M206119 strain treatment.An in vitro assay demonstrated that CCTCC M206119 strain increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB in epithelial cells.Intestinal proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine responses were evaluated.Proinflammatory colonic cytokine(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α) levels were clearly increased in CCTCCM206119-treated animals,whereas anti-inflammatory colonic cytokine(IL-10) level was lowered compared with saline or 5-aminosalicylic-acid-treated DSS-colitis mice.Next,CCTCC M206119 strain was characterized as L.crispatus by microscopic morphology,biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene level.

Palynology and stratigraphy of the thick evaporate-bearing Shashi Formation in Jiangling Depression,Jianghan Basin of South China,and its paleoclimate change

In the greater inland Jianghan Basin of South China,three salt depressions are lacking accurate geological times,of which Jiangling Depression is the largest.Evaporites are important records of paleoclimate,however,the geological ages of evaporates are very difficult to be determined because often evaporates have scare macrofossils and microfossils.Nonmarine Cretaceous to Tertiary halite deposits interbedded with mudstones are widely distributed in China.Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum had very high temperatures and attracted strong interests of geologists because these times can be compared with future climate change because of global warming.However,previous studies focused on marine sediments found that during the Paleocene-Early Eocene,massive evaporate deposits formed in Jiangling depression of the Jianghan Basin.In this paper,the authors show that the Shashi Formation halite deposits formed in the Paleocene according to palynology.Most of these palynology fossils are arid types,so the massive evaporites in the Jiangling depression could be closely related to the hot Paleocene climate.High temperatures during the Paleocene contributed to the formation of the massive evaporates in the Jiangling Depression,until sylvite was the result.

First report of TSR origin minerals filled in anhydrite dissolved pores in southeastern Ordos Basin

1.Objective Yican 1 well, drilled in Southeastern Ordos Basin by Oil & Gas Survey, China Geological Survey in 2014 produced 3.7×104 m3 natural gas daily, which is the most productive well in the area by far. However, the reservoir quality is poor compared with those of Jingbian gas field in the middle of the Basin, which is mainly caused by the pores filling in karst reservoir.