Cross-regional emergency scheduling planning for petroleum based on the supernetwork model

Petroleum, the most important energy source in the world, plays an essential role in securing economic development. If a petroleum shortage happens, it will severely disrupt production and life. Cross-regional emergency scheduling can effectively alleviate a petroleum shortage and further enhance the efficiency of the emergency response. Considering the general lack of focus on cross-regional petroleum dispatching management, we propose a three-layer emergency scheduling network for petroleum based on a supernetwork model that can increase the regional emergency correlation by adding a transfer management process. Then, we compare the total demand for petroleum and the emergency costs considered in the petroleum emergency scheduling supernetwork model（the single-region and the cross-region scenarios）.The result shows that the cross-regional emergency scheduling pattern can effectively enhance the efficiency of the emergency preparations and reduce the emergency costs in most cases. However, when the vulnerabilities in the crossregional link grow or the regional linkage decreases, the effect of single-regional scheduling is better. In addition, the advantages of the cross-regional emergency scheduling network will be strengthened with an increase in its maximum emergency capability. Nonetheless, this advantage will disappear when the petroleum demand in the crisis layer reaches the maximum emergency response capacity. Finally, according to the comparative analysis simulation among scenarios,certain strategic policy recommendations are suggested to improve the petroleum emergency scheduling ability in regions.These recommendations include strengthening the cross-regional coordination mechanism, increasing the modes of petroleum transportation and enhancing the carrying capacity of regional emergency routes.

Protective effect of Fructus Mume total flavone against SH-SY5Y cells damage induced by MPP+and its mechanism

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Fructus Mume total flavone(FMF)against cell apoptosis and mitochondrial injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+))in human neuroblastoma(SH-SY5Y)cells and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:MPP^(+) induced SH-SY5Y cells injury model were established in vitro cell culture,the cells were divided into 5 groups:normal control group,model group(250μmol·L^(-1) MPP^(+)),FMF low-and middle-and high-dose experimental group(10,50,100μmol·L^(-1) FMF).After 72 h administration,4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining was used to observe the effects of different concentrations of FMF on the morphologic changes of apoptotic cells,the ratio of cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin-FITC/PI double staining.The mitochondrial membrane electro-bit were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Results:The results of DAPI staining showed that the injury SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+were densely condensed,the nucleus showed nuclear shrinkage,showing an apoptotic characteristic morphology;after 72h of FMF action,the apoptotic morphology of the cells showed different degrees of improvement,and the apoptotic number of SH-SY5Y cells also decreased.Compared with that in the normal control group,the apoptotic rate and of mitochondrial membrane electrobit of SH-SY5Y cells in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01),the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins increased significantly(P<0.01),Bcl-2 protein and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with that in the model group,the apoptotic rate and mitochondrial membrane electro-bit of SH-SY5Y cells in FMF groups(10,50,100μmol·L^(-1))were significantly lower,while Bax and Caspase-3 proteins were significantly lower(P<0.01),and Bcl-2 protein and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were significantly higher,with statistically significant difference in FMF middle-and high-dose experimental groups(P<0.01).The results indicated that FMF can decrease the experession level of Bax and Caspase-3 and increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,inhibit MPP+induced apoptosis.Conclusion:FMF improves the damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+,and plays a neuroprotective effect by regulating the expressions of related proteins in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Three-dimensional evaluation of upper anterior alveolar bone dehiscence after incisor retraction and intrusion in adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion malocclusion

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional(3D) dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone during incisor retraction and intrusion in adult patients with maximum anchorage.Methods:Twenty adult patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion had the four first premolars extracted.Miniscrews were placed to provide maximum anchorage for upper incisor retraction and intrusion.A computed tomography(CT) scan was performed after placement of the miniscrews and treatment.The 3D reconstructions of pre-and post-CT data were used to assess the dehiscence of upper anterior alveolar bone.Results:The amounts of upper incisor retraction at the edge and apex were(7.64±1.68) and(3.91±2.10) mm,respectively,and(1.34±0.74) mm of upper central incisor intrusion.Upper alveolar bone height losses at labial alveolar ridge crest(LAC) and palatal alveolar ridge crest(PAC) were 0.543 and 2.612 mm,respectively,and the percentages were(6.49±3.54)% and(27.42±9.77)%,respectively.The shape deformations of LAC-labial cortex bending point(LBP) and PAC-palatal cortex bending point(PBP) were(15.37±5.20)° and(6.43±3.27)°,respectively.Conclusions:Thus,for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion,mechanobiological response of anterior alveolus should be taken into account during incisor retraction and intrusion.Pursuit of maximum anchorage might lead to upper anterior alveolar bone loss.

Association between mandibular posterior alveolar morphology and growth pattern in a Chinese population with normal occlusion

Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.

Establishment of reference mandibular plane for anterior alveolar morphology evaluation using cone beam computed tomography

To propose a method of establishing the reference mandibular plane (MP), which could be reestablished according to the coordinates of the reference points, and then facilitate the assessment of anterior alveolar morphology using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), sixty patients with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly selected and CBCT scans were taken. The CBCT scans were transferred to Materialism's interactive medical image control system 10.01 (MIMICS 10.01), and three dimensional models of the entire jaws were constructed. Reference points determining the reference MP were positioned in the coronal, axial, sagittal windows, and the points were exactly located by recording their coordinates in the interfaces of software. The reference MP provided high intra-observer reliability(Pearson's r 0.992 to 0.999), and inter-observer reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) 0.996 to 0.999).

Establishment of reference mandibular plane for anterior alveolar morphology evaluation using cone beam computed tomography

To propose a method of establishing the reference mandibular plane(MP),which could be reestablished according to the coordinates of the reference points,and then facilitate the assessment of anterior alveolar morphology using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),sixty patients with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly selected and CBCT scans were taken.The CBCT scans were transferred to Materialism's interactive medical image control system 10.01(MIMICS 10.01),and three dimensional models of the entire jaws were constructed.Reference points determining the reference MP were positioned in the coronal,axial,sagittal windows,and the points were exactly located by recording their coordinates in the interfaces of software.The reference MP provided high intra-observer reliability(Pearson's r 0.992 to 0.999),and inter-observer reliability(intra-class correlation coefficients(ICCs) 0.996 to 0.999).