cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between infected non-heading Chinese cabbage and Hyaloperonospora parasitica

Non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis)is one of the main green leafy vegetables in the world,especially in China,with significant economic value.Hyaloperonospora parasitica is a fungal pathogen responsible for causing downy mildew disease in Chinese cabbage,which greatly affects its production.The objective of this study was to identify transcriptionally regulated genes during incompatible interactions between non-heading Chinese cabbage and H.parasitica using complementary DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP).We obtained 129 reliable differential transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)in a resistant line‘Suzhou Qing’.Among them,121 upregulated TDFs displayed an expression peak at 24–48 h post inoculation(h.p.i.).Fifteen genes were further selected for validation of cDNA-AFLP expression patterns using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results confirmed the altered expression patterns of 13 genes(86.7%)revealed by the cDNA-AFLP.We identified four TDFs related to fungal resistance among the 15 TDFs.Furthermore,comparative analysis of four TDFs between resistant line‘Suzhou Qing’and susceptible line‘Aijiao Huang’showed that transcript levels of TDF14(BcLIK1_A01)peaked at 48 h.p.i.and 25.1-fold increased in the resistant line compared with the susceptible line.Similarly,transcript levels of the other three genes,TDF42(BcCAT3_A07),TDF75(BcAAE3_A06)and TDF88(BcAMT2_A05)peaked at 24,48 and 24 h.p.i.with 25.1-,100-and 15.8-fold increases,respectively.The results suggested that the resistance genes tended to transcribe at higher levels in the resistance line than in the susceptible line,which may provide resistance against pathogen infections.The present study might facilitate elucidating the molecular basis of the infection process and identifying candidate genes for resistance improvement of susceptible cultivars.

Misdiagnosis of a multi-organ involvement hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis as metastasis:a case report and literature review

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)is a great mimicker and diagnostic chameleon,and prone to be diagnosed as malignancy.Even though many reports have described the differences between pulmonary TB and lung cancer,the atypical systemic hematogenous disseminated TB(HDTB)is very rare and more confusing in clinical practice.Case presentation:A 73-year-old man,HIV-negative,was hospitalized to the local county hospital because of chest pain,low-grade fever,asthenia,anorexia and weight loss for the pasting two months.The CT findings of the two lungs showed multiple round or round-like nodules of different sizes,with clear boundaries and partial fusion.The level of serum CA19–9 was significantly higher than normal,and progressively increased.There were multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck,mediastinum,abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.The symptoms were diagnosed as hematogenous spread of gastrointestinal tumor in the local county hospital.However,when transferred to our provincial hospital,through comprehensive dynamic analysis,this patient was diagnosed as atypical systemic HDTB,no cancer at all.Through routine anti-TB therapy for one year,the patient was recovered very well at the follow-up of half year after withdrawal.Conclusions:In the past,most TB misdiagnosis cases involved in single organ and were finally confirmed through invasive examination.This case enriched clinical experiences in the diagnosis of atypical HDTB.We encouraged clinicians to establish a dynamic thinking for diagnosis and treatment and emphasized the value of biopsy and 18FFDG-PET in distinguishing TB and cancer.