Expression of Human Papillomavirus in Mammary Carcinoma and its Possible Mechanism in Carcinogenesis

To explore the role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) in mammary carcinogenesis, the expression of the HPV-16, iNOS , P53 and hTERT proteins in breast carcinomas and their relationships were investigated. 52 samples of breast cancer and 16 samples of benign breast tumors were assayed using the immunohistochemical SP method for detection of protein expression levels. The expression of HPV-16, iNOS, P53 and hTERT proteins in a mammary carcinoma was 44.2%, 57.7%, 63.5% and 59.6% respectively, which was significantly greater than the corresponding levels in the benign group. The expression of iNOS, P53 and hTERT was correlated with the presence of an HPV-16 infection in a mammary carcinom(aP<0.05). The connection between these events might also involve the iNOS, mutated type P53 and the hTERT protein.

Microstructure,wear and corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings formed on D16T Al alloy

The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were produced on D16 T Al alloy in the aluminate and silicate electrolyte with and without graphene.The phase composition,microstructure and elemental distribution of the coatings were tested by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX).The wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings were evaluated by dry sliding wear tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The morphology feature of the wear tracks was compared and analyzed by SEM and three-dimensional microscope.The results demonstrate that the structure,wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings with graphene are better than that of PEO coatings without graphene.The coating fabricated in the aluminate electrolyte with graphene exhibited the lowest roughness.The coated samples formed in silicate electrolyte with graphene displayed the thickest,densest and the most compact coating.It exhibited the best wear and corrosion resistance due to the incorporation mode of graphene in the coatings.The mechanism of graphene improving the wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coating was further discussed.In summary,the comprehensive performances of PEO coatings formed in silicate electrolyte on D16 T Al alloy are superior to that produced in aluminate electrolyte.