Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural and rare ingredient with several biological activities, was successfully synthesized from caffeic acid (CA) and phenylethanol (PE) by microwave assistant coupled with ion...Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural and rare ingredient with several biological activities, was successfully synthesized from caffeic acid (CA) and phenylethanol (PE) by microwave assistant coupled with ionic liquids (ILs) catalysis. Four ILs, acted as both solvent and catalyst in this chemical synthesis, were optimized. Among them, [Bmim] [PF6] was the best with the highest CA conversion. 95% conversion was achieved under substrate molar ratio 4:1 (PE/CA, n/n), IL content 7:1 (IL/CA, w/w), microwave power 200 W, at 135 oC for 7 min. This study might be attributed to developing new chemical reaction system to produce caffeic acid derived esters.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.The mechanisms involved in NAFLD onset are complicated and multifactorial.Recent literature has indicated that altered intestin...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.The mechanisms involved in NAFLD onset are complicated and multifactorial.Recent literature has indicated that altered intestinal barrier function is related to the occurrence and progression of liver disease.The intestinal barrier is important for absorbing nutrients and electrolytes and for defending against toxins and antigens in the enteric environment.Major mechanisms by which the intestinal barrier influences the development of NAFLD involve the altered epithelial layer,decreased intracellular junction integrity,and increased intestinal barrier permeability.Increased intestinal permeability leads to luminal dysbiosis and allows the translocation of pathogenic bacteria and metabolites into the liver,inducing inflammation,immune response,and hepatocyte injury in NAFLD.Although research has been directed to NAFLD in recent decades,the pathophysiological changes in NAFLD initiation and progression are still not completely understood,and the therapeutic targets remain limited.A deeper understanding on the correlation between NAFLD pathogenesis and intestinal barrier regulation must be attained.Therefore,in this review,the components of the intestinal barrier and their respective functions and disruptions during the progression of NAFLD are discussed.展开更多
文摘Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural and rare ingredient with several biological activities, was successfully synthesized from caffeic acid (CA) and phenylethanol (PE) by microwave assistant coupled with ionic liquids (ILs) catalysis. Four ILs, acted as both solvent and catalyst in this chemical synthesis, were optimized. Among them, [Bmim] [PF6] was the best with the highest CA conversion. 95% conversion was achieved under substrate molar ratio 4:1 (PE/CA, n/n), IL content 7:1 (IL/CA, w/w), microwave power 200 W, at 135 oC for 7 min. This study might be attributed to developing new chemical reaction system to produce caffeic acid derived esters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81900508)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190172)Livelihood Science and Technology Foundation of Suzhou (SKY2021038).
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.The mechanisms involved in NAFLD onset are complicated and multifactorial.Recent literature has indicated that altered intestinal barrier function is related to the occurrence and progression of liver disease.The intestinal barrier is important for absorbing nutrients and electrolytes and for defending against toxins and antigens in the enteric environment.Major mechanisms by which the intestinal barrier influences the development of NAFLD involve the altered epithelial layer,decreased intracellular junction integrity,and increased intestinal barrier permeability.Increased intestinal permeability leads to luminal dysbiosis and allows the translocation of pathogenic bacteria and metabolites into the liver,inducing inflammation,immune response,and hepatocyte injury in NAFLD.Although research has been directed to NAFLD in recent decades,the pathophysiological changes in NAFLD initiation and progression are still not completely understood,and the therapeutic targets remain limited.A deeper understanding on the correlation between NAFLD pathogenesis and intestinal barrier regulation must be attained.Therefore,in this review,the components of the intestinal barrier and their respective functions and disruptions during the progression of NAFLD are discussed.
