In arriving at the more intuitive “scattering form” of the Fresnel equations, microscopic physical electric and magnetic dipoles were rigorously employed as the source of electromagnetic waves by Doyle et al. Motiva...In arriving at the more intuitive “scattering form” of the Fresnel equations, microscopic physical electric and magnetic dipoles were rigorously employed as the source of electromagnetic waves by Doyle et al. Motivated by such an ap-proach, the authors started to speculate how the incorporation of permanent dipoles might affect Brewster angle of a specific optical material. It is found that in the presence of permanent dipoles, not only is the Brewster angle dependent on the incident light power as well as the dipole orientation, but also that two conjugate incident light paths result in distinctively different refractions. Experiments on dipole-engineered polyvinylidene fluoride films show that by way of adding/reducing permanent dipole density and varying orientations, the aforementioned theoretical predictions can be evidenced unambiguously in the visible light range. Further, effective polarization density can be quantified from the above experiments subjected to different dipole engineering processes. As a result, the traditionally elliptic contour of a slanted two dimensional section of the refractive index ellipsoid now manifests symmetric open splittings at near the traditional incident angle. It implies that severe challenge to the accuracy of traditional surface plasmon resonance measurements may arise in the presence of permanent dipoles of various morphologies, such as in the forms of na-no-particles or membrane double layers.展开更多
Although mixing formulas for the effective-medium type of approximations for the dielectric permittivities in the in-fi-nite-wavelength (i.e., quasistatic) limit, such as the Maxwell Garnett formula, have been popular...Although mixing formulas for the effective-medium type of approximations for the dielectric permittivities in the in-fi-nite-wavelength (i.e., quasistatic) limit, such as the Maxwell Garnett formula, have been popularly applied in the whole spectral range of electromagnetic fields, their magnetic counterpart has seldom been addressed up to this day. An effort is thus devoted to the derivation of such an equation to predict the final permeability as the result of mixing together several materials. In a similar fashion to the approach leading to the Maxwell Garnett formula, a model is adopted wherein an originally isotropic host material is embedded with a cluster of spherical homogeneous magnetic particles. It is expected that such obtained formula should find wide applications, and particularly in the light frequency domain in this blossomful era of nanometer technology.展开更多
文摘In arriving at the more intuitive “scattering form” of the Fresnel equations, microscopic physical electric and magnetic dipoles were rigorously employed as the source of electromagnetic waves by Doyle et al. Motivated by such an ap-proach, the authors started to speculate how the incorporation of permanent dipoles might affect Brewster angle of a specific optical material. It is found that in the presence of permanent dipoles, not only is the Brewster angle dependent on the incident light power as well as the dipole orientation, but also that two conjugate incident light paths result in distinctively different refractions. Experiments on dipole-engineered polyvinylidene fluoride films show that by way of adding/reducing permanent dipole density and varying orientations, the aforementioned theoretical predictions can be evidenced unambiguously in the visible light range. Further, effective polarization density can be quantified from the above experiments subjected to different dipole engineering processes. As a result, the traditionally elliptic contour of a slanted two dimensional section of the refractive index ellipsoid now manifests symmetric open splittings at near the traditional incident angle. It implies that severe challenge to the accuracy of traditional surface plasmon resonance measurements may arise in the presence of permanent dipoles of various morphologies, such as in the forms of na-no-particles or membrane double layers.
文摘Although mixing formulas for the effective-medium type of approximations for the dielectric permittivities in the in-fi-nite-wavelength (i.e., quasistatic) limit, such as the Maxwell Garnett formula, have been popularly applied in the whole spectral range of electromagnetic fields, their magnetic counterpart has seldom been addressed up to this day. An effort is thus devoted to the derivation of such an equation to predict the final permeability as the result of mixing together several materials. In a similar fashion to the approach leading to the Maxwell Garnett formula, a model is adopted wherein an originally isotropic host material is embedded with a cluster of spherical homogeneous magnetic particles. It is expected that such obtained formula should find wide applications, and particularly in the light frequency domain in this blossomful era of nanometer technology.
