Control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm of Yunyang County,China

In view of the fact that pine wood nematode disease is the most dominant disease in Pinus massoniana forests,which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,fast transmission speed,and great difficulty in prevention and control,a brief description was made to the occurrence status of pine wood nematode disease and difficulties faced with its control in the State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm of Yunyang County,China,followed by the analysis on the prevention and control measures from aspects of strict control,epidemic situation monitoring,joint prevention and control,and clearance of infected trees,as well as the existing problems of pine wood nematode disease.Finally,reasonable suggestions including strengthening the construction of talent team were put forward,aiming to provide a beneficial reference for the scientific,efficient,and reasonable control of pine wood nematode disease in Pinus massoniana Lamb.forests of Yunyang State-owned Sishibacao Forest Farm.

Countermeasures for the Protection and Sustainable Development of Forestry Resources

Firstly,the problems of the protection and sustainable development of forestry resources were analyzed,such as lack of overall planning for the protection of forestry resources,insufficient investment in the protection of forestry resources,etc.Afterwards,the corresponding countermeasures were proposed,such as making overall planning for sustainable forestry development,increasing the investment in the protection of forestry resources,improving the forestry management system,etc.

Implications of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels in Migraine Pathophysiology

Migraine is a common and debilitating headache disorder. Although its pathogenesis remains elusive,abnormal trigeminal and central nervous system activity is likely to play an important role. Transient receptor potential(TRP) channels, which transduce noxious stimuli into pain signals, are expressed in trigeminal ganglion neurons and brain regions closely associated with the pathophysiology of migraine. In the trigeminal ganglion,TRP channels co-localize with calcitonin gene-related peptide, a neuropeptide crucially implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Many preclinical and clinical data support the roles of TRP channels in migraine. In particular,activation of TRP cation channel V1 has been shown to regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide release from trigeminal nerves. Intriguingly, several effective antimigraine therapies, including botulinum neurotoxin type A, affect the functions of TRP cation channels. Here, we discuss currently available data regarding the roles of major TRP cation channels in the pathophysiology of migraine and the therapeutic applicability thereof.

DICER1 regulates antibacterial function of epididymis by modulating transcription of p-defensins

DICER1 is a key enzyme responsible for the maturation of microRNAs. Recent evidences suggested that DICER1 and microRNAs expressed in epididymis were involved in the control of male fertility. However, the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we created a mouse line by targeted disruption of Dicerl gene in the principal cells of distal caput epididymis. Our data indicated that a set of β-defensin genes were downregulated by DICER1 rather than by microRNAs. Moreover, DICER1 was significantly enriched in the promoter of β-defensin gene and controlled transcription. Besides, the antibacterial ability of the adult epididymis significantly declined upon Dicerl deletion both in vitro and in vivo. And a higher incidence of reproductive defect was observed in middle-aged Dicerl^-|- males. These results suggest that DICER1 plays an important role in transcription of β-defensin genes, which are associated with the natural antibacterial properties in a microRNA-independent manner, and further impacts the male fertility.

Dynamic-stiffening-induced aggravated cracking behavior driven by metal-substrate-constraint in a coating/substrate system

Air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings(APS-TBCs)saw their wide application in high-temperaturerelated cutting-edge fields.The lamellar structure of APS-TBCs provides a significant advantage on thermal insulation.However,short life span is a major headache for APS-TBCs.This is highly related to the property changes and passive behaviors of the coatings during thermal service.Herein,a finite element model was developed to investigate the dynamic stiffening and substrate constraint on total spallation process.Results show that the stiffening accelerates the crack propagation of APS-TBCs.The driving force for crack propagation,which is characterized by strain energy release rate(SERR),is significantly enlarged.Consequently,the crack starts to propagate when the SERR exceeds the fracture toughness.In addition,the changing trends of SERR and crack propagation features are highly associated with temperatures.A higher temperature corresponds to more significant effect of stiffening on substrate constraint.In brief,temperature-dependent stiffening significantly aggravates the substrate constraint effect on APS-TBCs,which is one of the major causes for the spallation.Given that,lowering stiffening degree is essential to maintain high strain tolerance,and to further extend the life span of APS-TBCs.This understanding contributes to the development of advanced TBCs in future applications.