Study on Quality Standards of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste

[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.

Influence of Storage Time on Pollen Traits in Actinidia eriantha

We examined the influence of storage time on germinability and tube growth of freeze stored pollens collected from 25 wild male plants in Actinidia eriantha variety. Pollens were stored in freezer at - 20°C for six months and one year periods to determine changing at germinability in time. In vitro germination was conducted in certain cultural medium defined for Actinidia genus. The results showed that the germination percentages and tube lengths of genotypes decreased at the end of storage period. MH22, MH45, MH47, MH56, MH67, MH70, MH71, MH72, MH74, MH55 and MH61 genotypes were evaluated as vigor genotypes, because they maintained their viability and germination capability displaying statistically insignificant decreasing although their tube lengths significantly decreased except MH67. This investigation provided to determine some robust wild male germplasm resources in A. eriantha in point of durability of pollens against long term conservation for using at future pollination and breeding programs.

Effects of Stored Pollens from Wild <i>Actinidia eriantha</i>Vines on Some Fruit Quality Traits

Our study was conducted to determine In vitro germination ability of pollens from 25 wild Actinidia eriantha genotypes after one year freeze storage, afterwards we examined fertilization ability of stored pollens of 8 genotypes selected according to In vitro test results from aforementioned 25 genotypes, and finally investigated effects of stored viable pollens from “MH67”, “MH55”, “MH48” and “MH45” genotypes on fruit quality characters of the female experimental plant “M3” as the main purpose. Non-pollinated “M3” kiwifruit plant was taken as control. We found that In vitro germination and fertilization ability of different stored pollen sources, and also fruit quality characters including dry matter, total sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, chlorophyll (“a”, “b”, and total) and carotenoid contents except total soluble solid content were significantly different. MH67 and MH45 genotypes were evaluated as the most suitable pollenizers which can be recommended as new candidate cultivars because of long term storage ability and brought about desired fruit quality characters. They also will be investigated more at further breeding studies.

Generation of inactivated IL2RG and RAG1 monkeys with severe combined immunodeficiency using base editing

Severe combined immunodeficiency(SCiD)encompasses a range of inherited disorders that lead to a profound deterioration of the immune system.Among the pivotal genes associated with SCID,RAG1 and IL2RG play crucial roles.IL2RG is essential for the development,differentiation,and functioning of T,B,and NK cells,while RAG1 critically contributes to adaptive immunity by facilitating V(D)J recombination during the maturation of lymphocytes.Animal models carrying mutations in these genes exhibit notable deficiencies in their immune systems.

Increasing open circuit voltage by adjusting work function of hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells

A series of conductive polymers, i.e., poly（3-methylthiophene） （PMT）, poly（thiophene） （PT）, poly（3-bromothiophene） （PBT） and poly（3-chlorothiophene） （PCT）, were prepared via the electrochemical polymerization process. Subse- quently, their application as hole-transporting materials （HTMs） in CHBNI-I3Pb｜3 perovskite solar cells was explored. It was found that rationally increasing the work function of HTMs proves beneficial in improving the open circuit voltage （Voc） of the devices with an ITO/conductive-polymer/CHBNHBPbIg/C60/BCP/Ag structure. In addition, the higher-Voc devices with a higher-work-function HTM exhibited higher recombination resistances. The highest open circuit voltage of 1.04 V was obtained from devices with PCT, with a work function of -5.4 eV, as the hole-transporting layer. Its power conversion efficiency attained a value of approximately 16.5%, with a high fill factor of 0.764, an appreciable open voltage of 1.01 V and a short circuit current density of 21.4 mA.cm-2. This simple, controllable and low-cost manner of preparing HTMs will be beneficial to the production of large-area perovskite solar cells with a hole-transportin~ laver.

Stable high-performance hybrid perovskite solar cells with ultrathin polythiophene as hole-transporting layer

Ultrathin polythiophene films prepared via electrochemical polymerization is successfully used as the hole-transporting material, substituting conventional HTM-PEDOT：PSS, in planar p-i-n CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells, affording a series of ITO/polythiophene/CH3NHBPbIB/C60/BCP/Ag devices. The ultrathin polythiophene film possesses good transmittance, high conductivity, a smooth surface, high wettability, compatibility with PbI2 DMF solution, and an energy level matching that of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material. A promising power conversion efficiency of about 15.4%, featuring a high fill factor of 0.774, open voltage of 0.99 V, and short-circuit current density of 20.3 mA·cm^-2 is obtained. The overall performance of the devices is superior to that of cells using PEDOT：PSS. The differences of solar cells with different hole-transfer materials in charge recombination, charge transport and transfer, and device stability are further investigated and demonstrate that polythiophene is a more effective and promising hole-transporting material. This work provides a simple, prompt, controllable, and economic approach for the preparation of an effective hole-transporting material, which undoubtedly offers an alternative method in the future industrial production of perovskite solar cells.

Solution processed inorganic V20x as interfacial function materials for inverted planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency

An inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell （PSC） is one of the most competitive photovoltaic devices exhibiting a high power conversion efficiency （PCE） and nearly free hysteresis in the voltage-current output. However, the band alignment between the transport materials and the perovskite absorber has not been optimized, resulting in a lower open-circuit voltage （Voc） than that of regular PSCs. To address this issue, we tune the band alignment in perovskite photovoltaic architecture by introducing bilayer structured transport materials, e.g., the hole transport material poly（ethylenedioxythiophene）：poly（styrene sulfonate） （PEDOT：PSS）/V2Os. In this study, solution processed inorganic V2Ox interlayer is incorporated into PEDOT：PSS for achieving improved film surface properties as well as optical and electrical properties. For example, the work function （WF） was changed from 5.1 to 5.4 eV. A remarkably high PCE of 17.5% with nearly free hysteresis and a stabilized efficiency of 17.1% have been achieved. Electronic impedance spectra （EIS） demonstrate a significant increase in the recombination resistance after introducing the interlayer, associated with the high Voc output value of 1.05 V. Transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements indicate that a comparable charge transport process and an inhibited recombination process occur in the PSC with the introduction of the V20x interlayer.

Maintaining the balance of TDP-43,mitochondria,and autophagy:a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases

Mitochondria are the energy center of cell operations and are involved in physiological functions and maintenance of metabolic balance and homeostasis in the body.Alterations of mitochondrial function are associated with a variety of degenerative and acute diseases.As mitochondria age in cells,they gradually become inefficient and potentially toxic Acute injury can trigger the permeability of mitochondrial membranes,which can lead to apoptosis or necrosis.Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa(TDP-43)is a protein widely present in cells.It can bind to RNA,regulate a variety of RNA processes,and play a role in the formation of multi-protein/RNA complexes.Thus,the normal physiological functions of TDP-43 are particularly important for cell survival.Normal TDP-43 is located in various subcellular structures including mitochondria,mitochondrial-associated membrane,RNA particles and stress granules to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial binding,mitochondrial protein translation,and mRNA transport and translation.Importantly,TDP-43 is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease,which are characterized by abnormal phosphorylation,ubiquitination,lysis or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells.Although the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy remains unknown,the presence of pathological TDP-43 inside or outside of mitochondria and the functional involvement of TDP-43 in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology,transport,and function suggest that mitochondria are associated with TDP-43-related diseases.Autophagy is a basic physiological process that maintains the homeostasis of cells,including targeted clearance of abnormally aggregated proteins and damaged organelles in the cytoplasm;therefore,it is considered protective against neurodegenerative diseases.However,the combination of abnormal TDP-43 aggregation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and insufficient autophagy can lead to a variety of aging-related pathologies.In this review,we describe the current knowledge on the associations of mitochondria with TDP-43 and the role of autophagy in the clearance of abnormally aggregated TDP-43 and dysfunctional mitochondria.Finally,we discuss a novel approach for neurodegenerative treatment based on the knowledge.

Recent Research Developments of Perovskite Solar Cells

For the first time in 2009,the inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite materials were applied in liquid dye-sensitized solar cells.In 2013,the power conversion efficiency successfully reached 15%,followed by great amount of research papers bursting out.Till August 2014,the highest efficiency is certified to 17.9%,and the reported efficiency is even up to 19.3%.They quickly go beyond dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells.It is expected the perovskite has its efficiency same to the single-crystal silicon cells.The“game changer”of solar cells is coming.The perovskite solar cells are cheap and easily to be made,which will benefit both science and industry.This review summarized recent development of both perovskite materials and solar cell devices,not only including new material developments of perovskite compositions,structures,and fabrication methods,but also focusing on device structures,charge transfer mechanism and stability properties of perovskite solar cells.Their perspective is also estimated.

Deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on a doublet d-f transition cerium(Ⅲ) complex with 100% exciton utilization efficiency

Compared to red and green organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),blue OLEDs are still the bottleneck due to the lack of efficient emitters with simultaneous high exciton utilization efficiency(EUE)and short excited-state lifetime.Different from the fluorescence,phosphorescence,thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF),and organic radical materials traditionally used in OLEDs,we demonstrate herein a new type of emitter,cerium(Ⅲ)complex Ce-1 with spin-allowed and parity-allowed d-f transition of the centre Ce^(3+) ion.The compound exhibits a high EUE up to 100% in OLEDs and a short excited-state lifetime of 42 ns,which is considerably faster than that achieved in efficient phosphorescence and TADF emitters.The optimized OLEDs show an average maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 12.4% and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE)coordinates of(0.146,0.078).

Synthesis of NaYF_4:Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids for fluorescence imaging in the second biological window

Nd doped nanoparticles is commonly used as bioimaging agents but presents poor stability. Here, a polymer coating is applied to NaYF4：Nd nanoparticles using a versatile step-by-step coating strategy. The as-synthesized NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids show good stability in various polar solvent and are very stable in water at least for 6 months. These NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids can exhibit strong down converting photoluminescence when excited by 808 nm lasers. Moreover, these NaYF_4：Nd@NaLuF_4@SiO_2@PS colloids accumulate in liver of mice when used as bio-imaging agents. which exhibit strong fluorescence luminescence in NIR Ⅱ window.

Rapid and Complete Conversion of CH3NH3PbI3 for Perovskite/C60 Planar-Heterojunction Solar Cells by Two-Step Deposition

In the present work,we proposed an improved two-step deposition method by optimizing the reaction temperature and the dipping time for the fabrication ofperovskite films.The perovskite film fabricated at 70 ℃ exhibits a full surface coverage and a smooth uniform crystal morphology with a particle size up to micrometer scale.The corresponding inverted perovskite solar cell with a structure of ITO/poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）：poly（styrene-sulfonate）（PEDOT：PSS）/CH3NH3PbI3/C60/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-l,l 0-phenanthroline （BCP）/Ag displayed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE）of 13.6%than that of the device fabricated at 20 ℃ （8.06%）,as well as the high reproducibility.The small but meaningful modification for two-step deposition would provide an efficient and convenient way to optimize planar perovskite solar cells and facilitate the potential applications of perovskite solar cells more widely.

Efficient green OLEDs achieved by a terbium(Ⅲ)complex with photoluminescent quantum yield close to 100%

Electroluminescence of f-f transition lanthanide complex is a traditional topic for display over decades.Here we report highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes based on a new terbium(III)complex with novel ligand CPMIP(1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-pyrazoline-5-one).The high triplet energy level of CPMIP(3.0 e V)and inhibited quenching effects in the solid-state lead to a nearly 100%photoluminescent quantum efficiency of Tb(CPMIP)3.The best Tb(CPMIP)3 device exhibited maximum external quantum efficiency up to 19.7%,setting a new record of OLEDs based on f-f transition lanthanide complexes.

A novel Stokes parameters coding scheme for free-space coherent optical communication

This paper proposes a novel continuous variable coherent optical communication mode. In this mode, two quadrature Stokes parameters are regarded as observed physical quantity, and single linearly polarized component is used as carrier wave. At the sending end, electro-optical amplitude modulator （EOM） of 45° azimuth is used to indirectly complete the linear modulation of S2 component, and S3 component is changed by continuously rotating a half-wave plate （HWP）. The receiving end adopts the mode of Q-Q-H wave plate are rotated to select the component of measured S2 or S3. The circuit of balance homodyne detection is designed, and the detection system is built by combination with LabVIEW to complete signal demodulation. New optical path scheme is verified by both theory and experiment.

CuI-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells with Carbon Nanotube Films as Flexible Top-Contact Electrodes

We report the fabrication of CuI-Si heterojunction solar cells with carbon nanotubes （CNTs） as a transparent electrode. A flexible CNT network was transferred onto tile top of a polycrystalline CuI layer, making a conformal coating with good contact with the underlying CuI. The solar cells showed power conversion efficiencies in the range of 6% to 10.5%, while the efficiency degradation was less than 10% after the device was stored in air for 8 days. Compared with conventional rigid electrodes such as indium tin oxide （ITO） glass, the flexibility of the CNT films ensures better contact with the active layers and removes the need for press-contact electrodes. Degraded cells can recover their original performance by acid doping of the CNT electrode. Our results suggest that CNT films are suitable electrical contacts for rough materials and structures with an uneven surface.