Facet Engineering of Advanced Electrocatalysts Toward Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reactions

The electrocatalytic water splitting technology can generate highpurity hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide,which is in favor of relieving environmental pollution and energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.Electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and increase the reaction efficiency.Facet engineering is considered as a promising strategy in controlling the ratio of desired crystal planes on the surface.Owing to the anisotropy,crystal planes with different orientations usually feature facet-dependent physical and chemical properties,leading to differences in the adsorption energies of oxygen or hydrogen intermediates,and thus exhibit varied electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this review,a brief introduction of the basic concepts,fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms as well as key evaluating parameters for both HER and OER are provided.The formation mechanisms of the crystal facets are comprehensively overviewed aiming to give scientific theory guides to realize dominant crystal planes.Subsequently,three strategies of selective capping agent,selective etching agent,and coordination modulation to tune crystal planes are comprehensively summarized.Then,we present an overview of significant contributions of facet-engineered catalysts toward HER,OER,and overall water splitting.In particular,we highlight that density functional theory calculations play an indispensable role in unveiling the structure–activity correlation between the crystal plane and catalytic activity.Finally,the remaining challenges in facet-engineered catalysts for HER and OER are provided and future prospects for designing advanced facet-engineered electrocatalysts are discussed.

The Application Value of Sanitary Wipes and Medical Alcohol+Gauze Disinfection Method in the Management and Use of Medical Equipment

Objective:To analyze the effect of sanitary wipes and medical alcohol+gauze disinfection methods on the management and use of medical equipment in hospitals.Methods:From February 2023 to August 2023,80 anorectal surgery medical instruments and equipment were randomly sampled as observation samples,and they were grouped using the random number table method(40 instruments in each group).One group was managed with sanitary wipes and medical alcohol+gauze disinfection method(observation group),and the other group was managed with medical alcohol+gauze disinfection method(control group).The degree of contamination on the surface of instruments and equipment and the staff satisfaction of both groups was noted and compared.Results:After cleaning and disinfection,the relative luminescence luminosity(RLU)value of the surface contamination of the sample instruments and equipment decreased significantly(P<0.05);and after cleaning and disinfection,the relative luminescence luminosity(RLU)of the observation group’s instruments and equipment decreased significantly,and the value was lower than that of the control group,(P<0.05);the results of the nursing job satisfaction questionnaire showed that the scores of each survey item in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,(P<0.05).Conclusion:Integrating sanitary wipes and medical alcohol+gauze disinfection method into the management and use of medical equipment not only improves the disinfection of medical instruments but also improves the job satisfaction of nursing staff.Therefore,this method should be popularized.

Advances in Genomic,Transcriptomic,and Metabolomic Analyses of Fruit Quality in Fruit Crops

Fruit quality is the main factor determining market competitiveness;it represents the combination of fruit flavor,color,size,and the contents of aromatic and bioactive substances.Research on the genetic basis of fruit quality can provide new information about fruit biology,promote genomic-assisted breeding,and provide technological support for the regulation of fruit quality via habitat selection and/or the control of environmental conditions.High-throughput sequencing is a powerful research method for studying fruit quality traits,and reference genome sequences for many important fruit crops have provided vast amounts of genomic data.To study fruit quality,it is important to select appropriate omics strategies and to analyze omics data meaningfully.Here,we summarize genomic mechanisms of fruit quality formation:gene duplication,transposable element insertion,structural variations and genome methylation in functional genes.We review the genomic,transcriptomic,and metabolomic strategies that have been used to study the genetic basis of fruit quality traits.We also describe some of the genes associated with fruit traits;these genes are a valuable resource for genomics-assisted breeding and are useful models for deciphering the mechanisms of agronomic traits,such as fruit color,size,hardness,aroma components,sugar and acid content.Finally,to maximize the application of omics information,we propose some further directions for research using omics strategies.

Mandible exosomal ssc-mir-133b regulates tooth development in miniature swine via endogenous apoptosis

Signal transduction between different organs is crucial in the normal development of the human body. As an important medium for signal communication, exosomes can transfer important information, such as microRNAs(miRNAs), from donors to receptors.MiRNAs are known to fine-tune a variety of biological processes, including maxillofacial development; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, transient apoptosis was found to be due to the expression of a miniature swine maxillofacial-specific miRNA, ssc-mir-133b. Upregulation of ssc-mir-133b resulted in robust apoptosis in primary dental mesenchymal cells in the maxillofacial region. Cell leukemia myeloid 1(Mcl-1) was verified as the functional target, which triggered further downstream activation of endogenous mitochondria-related apoptotic processes during tooth development.More importantly, mandible exosomes were responsible for the initial apoptosis signal. An animal study demonstrated that ectopic expression of ssc-mir-133 b resulted in failed tooth formation after 12 weeks of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice. The tooth germ developed abnormally without the indispensable exosomal signals from the mandible.

Comparative Analysis on Activity Patterns of CG between Lianyungang and Yancheng

[Objective] The reseamh aimed to contrast and analyze CG activity rules in Lianyungang and Yancheng. [Method] By using lightning location data, basic characteristics of lightning activities in Lianyungang and Yancheng both located at the eastem coast of Jiangsu were analyzed and contrasted. [Result] CG characteristics in Uanyungang and Yancheng were same, and negative CG was dominant. Monthly change activity rule of CG basically presented single-peak distribution, and peak value appeared in August. Monthly change of the lightning was drastic, and high- occurrence period was both in summer. Daily change trend of CG in the two sites was consistent. High-occurrence period of the lightning was in af- temoon and early morning, and occurrence frequency of the lightning in the morning was less. Spatial distribution of CG in Lianyungang and Yancheng was very uneven. Lightning activity in Lianyungang mainly concentrated in northwest and southeast areas of Donghai County and western area of Guannan County. Especially in Donghai County, it was the area where lightning strike density was the maximum. Lightning strike activity in Yanchang was more concentrated, and mainly concentrated in the west, namely near Jiangying Town and Louwang Town. Distribution characteris- tics of CG intensities in the two sites were same. Waveform changes of the positive CG in the two sites were slower than that of the negative CG, and current intensity concentrated from ＋ 20 to ~ 50 kA. [ Conclusion ] By contrasting and analyzing lightning activity rules in Lianyungang and Yanchang, we could share and complement data in the two cities better, and serve for routine lightning prevention and early-warning better.

Activation of biomass-derived porous carbon for supercapacitors:A review

Due to the advantages of renewable,low pollution and wide distribution of biomass resources,it is selected as the electrode material for supercapacitors.For carbon-based electrode materials,specific surface area and pore structure have a great influence.Exploring and summarizing the influence of activation on pore structure will greatly broaden this field.Based on the activation mechanism of activator,this paper summarizes the latest progress of biomass activation applied to supercapacitors,including traditional physical and chemical activation methods and non-traditional methods such as biological activation method,self-activation method,template assisted activation method and green activator activation.Finally,the challenges,strategies and prospects for the future development of biomass-derived carbon material activation are pointed out.In summary,this review will help researchers choose appropriate strategies to design biomass-derived carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors,thereby promoting the application of biomass materials.

The effect of the fear factor on the dynamics of an eco-epidemiological system with standard incidence rate

In order to protect endangered prey,ecologists suggest introducing parasites into predators which have achieved the expected goal in practice.Then how to explain the inherent mechanism and validate the effectiveness of this approach theoretically?In response to this question,we propose an eco-epidemiological system with the standard incidence rate and the anti-predator behavior in this paper,where the predator population is infected by parasites.We show the existence and local stability of equilibria for the system,and verify the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation.Theoretical and numerical results suggest that the fear effect reduces the density of the predator population but has no effect on the density of prey population.In addition,the cost of fear may not only break the stability of the equilibrium of the system,but also induce the equilibrium to change from unstable to stable.Based on the theoretical analysis,we confirm that introducing parasites into the predator population is an effective method to protect endangered prey.

Erratum to"HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome"[Biosaf.Health 5(2023)289-299]

The publisher regrets that during proofreading of the figure legend of Fig.6,the P value was misspelled in the sentence"while"n.s."indicates no significant difference P<0.05".It should be corrected to""while"n.s."indicates no significant difference(P>0.05)".

Multiple Center Research on Relationship Between Screening Quality and Detection of Cervical Cancer—Six Provinces,China,June–December 2021

The coverage and quality of screening are essential for reducing the incidence of cervical precancers and cervical cancer.This multicenter study aimed to investigate the relationship between screening quality and the detection of cervical precancers and cervical cancer.The study was conducted from June to December 2021 in six hospitals across six provinces.The 2,945 participants were non-pregnant women who underwent colposcopy examinations.The average age of participants was 40.9±11.5 years old.Only 6.9%of participants had received human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination.A total of 92.6%of participants had abnormal cervical screening results.Of the participants,577 had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSIL)or worse(≥HSIL),with a detection rate of 19.6%.Univariate analysis indicated that a lack of cervical cancer screening history in the past five years,as well as positive cervical screening and abnormal colposcopic impression,were independent associated factors of the≥HSIL detection rate.A multivariable logistic regression showed that positive cervical screening[odds ratio(OR)=1.75,95%confidence interval(CI):1.07–2.86]was a risk factor for detecting≥HSIL.Low-grade,high-grade,and cancer of colposcopic impression were associated with a higher risk for detecting≥HSIL(OR=2.94,95%CI:2.13–4.08;OR=36.64,95%CI:26.07–51.48).It is important to disseminate health knowledge to improve public awareness of cervical cancer prevention and to enhance the capacity building of professional staff to improve the quality of cervical cancer screening.

Hierarchical porous carbon derived from one-step self-activation of zinc gluconate for symmetric supercapacitors with high energy density

Porous carbons with high specific area surfaces are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.However,their production usually involves complex,time-consuming,and corrosive processes.Hence,a straightforward and effective strategy is presented for producing highly porous carbons via a self-activation procedure utilizing zinc gluconate as the precursor.The volatile nature of zinc at high temperatures gives the carbons a large specific surface area and an abundance of mesopores,which avoids the use of additional activators and templates.Consequently,the obtained porous carbon electrode delivers a satisfactory specific capacitance and outstanding cycling durability of 90.9%after 50000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).The symmetric supercapacitors assembled by the optimal electrodes exhibit an acceptable rate capability and a distinguished cycling stability in both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.Accordingly,capacitance retention rates of 77.8%and 85.7%are achieved after 50000 cycles in aqueous alkaline electrolyte and 10000 cycles in ionic liquid electrolyte.Moreover,the symmetric supercapacitors deliver high energy/power densities of 49.8 W·h·kg^(-1)/2477.8 W·kg^(-1) in the Et4NBF4 electrolyte,outperforming the majority of previously reported porous carbon-based symmetric supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolytes.

High mass-loadingα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped wood carbon for high-energy-density supercapacitor

The trade-off between mass-loading and cycling stability is always a big challenge for iron oxide-based electrodes.Herein,α-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles uniformly anchored on nitrogen-doped wood carbons with high mass-loading have been synthesized via a facile electrodeposition method accompanied by post-heating treatment.The resultant composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 603 F/g at 0.1 A/g and superior capacitance retention of 85.5%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g,indicating excellent long-term cycling stability.Such excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the conductive matrix as well as the formation of interfacial Fe-O-C bonding,which enables the composite electrode to provide plenty of accessible redox active sites,sufficient electron transport and electrolyte ions diffusion,and robust interfacial interaction.Consequently,the asymmetrical supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 30.3 Wh/kg at 125W/kg,suggesting its great potential forpracticalapplications.

HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Infection with the Hantaan virus(HTNV)may result in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).The functions of HLA-E-restricted CD8^(+)T lymphocytes in virus control and vaccine development have recently received increased attention.The purpose of this research is to discover HLA-E-restricted CD8^(+)T cell epitopes on HTNV as well as the features of these epitope-specific CD8^(+)T cells in HFRS patients.To anticipate HLA-Erestricted HTNV epitopes,the NetMHCpan servers were utilized.The K562/HLA-E cell binding test and the enzyme-linked immunospot assay were used to confirm epitope binding to HLA-E.The number and features of HLA-E-restricted epitope-specific CD8^(+)T lymphocytes in HFRS patients were investigated using tetramer staining,intracellular cytokine labeling,proliferation,and cytotoxicity assays.Six HTNV-derived HLA-Erestricted CD8^(+)T cell epitopes were found in this study.In mild/moderate HFRS patients,the frequency of HLA-E-restricted epitope-specific CD8^(+)T cells was greater than in severe/critical patients.CD38+HLA-DR+HLA-E-restricted CD8^(+)T cells were identified.Meanwhile,CD45RA^(+)CCR7^(-)effector memory-re-expressing CD45RA T cells with early and intermediate maturation and differentiation characteristics predominated.Notably,CD8^(+)T cells from milder HFRS patients produced more interferon-γ,interleukin-2,and granzyme B,had a stronger proliferative potential,and were inversely linked with the amount of plasma HTNV virus load.Furthermore,HLA-E-restricted epitope-specific CD8^(+)T cells demonstrated improved cytotoxic activity in vitro during the acute stage of HFRS.Taken together,the findings demonstrate the protective effects of HLA-E-restricted CD8^(+)T cells during HTNV infection,suggesting that HLA-E-targeted vaccines against HTNV might be developed for HLA-diverse populations.

Partial Topology Identification of Stochastic Multi-Weighted Complex Networks Based on Graph-Theoretic Method and Adaptive Synchronization

This article aims to identify the partial topological structures of delayed complex network.Based on the drive-response concept,a more universal model,which includes nonlinear couplings,stochastic perturbations and multi-weights,is considered into drive-response networks.Different from previous methods,we obtain identification criteria by combining graph-theoretic method and adaptive synchronization.After that,the partial topological structures of stochastic multi-weighted complex networks with or without time delays can be identified successfully.Moreover,response network can reach synchronization with drive network.Ultimately,the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results is validated through numerical simulations.

Optical Measurement of Photorecombination Time Delays

Recollision physics and attosecond pulse generation meld the precision of optics with collision physics.As a follow-up to our previous work,we reveal a new direction for the study of electronic structure and multielectron dynamics by exploiting the collision-physics nature of recollision.We show experimentally that,by perturbing recollision trajectories with an infrared field,photorecombination time delays can be measured entirely optically using the Cooper minimum in argon as an example.In doing so,we demonstrate the relationship between recollision trajectories and the transition moment coupling the ground and continuum states.In particular,we show that recollision trajectories are influenced by their parent ion,while it is commonly assumed they are not.Our work paves the way for the entirely optical measurement of ultrafast electron dynamics and photorecombination delays due to electronic structure,multielectron interaction,and strong-field-driven dynamics in complex molecular systems and correlated solid-state systems.

The Efficacy and Safety of Tolvaptan in Heart Failure Patients with Congestive Signs:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan,as well as the impact of its treatment dose and duration in heart failure patients with congestive signs.Methods:The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to collect data from all randomized controlled trials(RCT)examining the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in heart failure patients with congestive signs compared with placebo or blank control until March 4,2021.Urine volume,change in body weight,improvement in dyspnea,and reduction of edema were evaluated as efficacy indicators.All-cause mortality,worsening heart failure,and adverse events were considered safety indicators.The quality of eligible publications was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for RCTs.Results:Ten RCTs with 5,980 patients were included in this analysis.Compared with control,tolvaptan significantly reduced weight in the short term(day 1,7 RCTs,weighted mean difference(WMD):-1.09,95%confidence interval(CI):-1.27 to-0.91;day 2,2 RCTs,WMD:-1.67,95%CI:-3.00 to-0.33;day 7,4 RCTs,WMD:-0.95,95%CI:-1.25 to-0.66),increased urine volume(WMD:1,825.72,95%CI:1,438.38-2,213.07),and relieved dyspnea(risk ratio(RR):1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19)without increasing the mortality rate(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.87-1.06).Furthermore,the weight loss and increase in urine volume were not dose-dependent effects,and prolonged medication did not lead to sustained weight loss.In addition,there seemed to be more adverse events(RR:1.17,95%CI:1.03-1.32)after treatment with tolvaptan.Further analysis revealed that patients treated with tolvaptan were more likely to report thirst(RR:6.09,95%CI:3.37-11.00)and dry mouth(RR:6.36,95%CI:4.09-9.90),as well as develop hypernatremia(RR:12.76,95%CI:3.52-46.32).Conclusions:The meta-analysis shows that tolvaptan can improve congestion with no increase in mortality rate,but should be used to guard against adverse events.Deserve to be mentioned,the number of RCTs included was limited,suggesting that the observed results should be interpreted with caution.Additional robust clinical studies are warranted to validate the present findings.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间佩戴护目镜的正确选择和防雾指导

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间,为避免病毒感染,医护人员须做好各种有效防护,口罩、防护服和护目镜是必备的用具。多数医护人员佩戴护目镜期间镜片很快起雾,遮挡视线,严重干扰工作,导致护士不能有效治疗操作,医师不能精准诊疗,紧急时耽误患者抢救,防护不当甚至引发院内交叉感染。我们经过文献查询、临床实践结合专业知识,提出了如何正确选择护目镜,及解决护目镜防雾问题的七种方法。希望对抗疫的医护人员在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中有所借鉴和帮助。

Single Pt atom decorated graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene into aniline

The hydrogenation of nitrobenzene into aniline is one of industrially important reactions, but still remains great challenge due to the lack of highly active, chemo-selective and eco-friendly catalyst. By using extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations, herein we predict that single Pt atom decorated g-C3N4 (Pt@g-C3N4) exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the conversion of nitrobenzene into aniline under visible light. The overall activation energy barrier for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene on single atom Pt@g-C3N4 catalyst is even lower than that of the bare Pt(111) surface. The dissociation of N-0 bonds on single Pt atom is triggered by single hydrogen atom rather than double hydrogen atoms on the Pt(111) surface. Moreover, the Pt@g-C3N4 catalyst exhibits outstanding chemoselectivity towards the common reducible substituents, such as phenyl,-C=C,-C = C and -CHO groups during the hydrogenation. In addition, the doped single Pt atom can significantly enhance the photoconversion efficiency by broadening the light absorption of the pristine g-C3N4 to visible light region. Our results highlight an interesting and experimentally synthesized single-atom photocatalyst (Pt@g-C3N4) for efficient hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline under a sustainable and green approach.

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 7 prevents dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cell senescence via metabolic downregulation of p21

Cellular senescence affects the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)-mediated tissue regeneration.Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-7(IGFBP7),as a member of the IGF family,is associated with osteogenic differentiation and the senescence of MSCs,but its exact function and mechanism remain unclear.We found IGFBP7 promoted the osteogenic differentiation and prevented the senescence of dental pulp-derived MSCs(DPSCs),as observed in the gain-of-function and lossof-function analyses,the senescence-associated marker p21 showed the most pronounced expression changes.We demonstrated that IGFBP7 activated the biological activity of SIRT1 deacetylase via metabolism,resulting in a deacetylation of H3K36ac and a decrease of the binding affinity of H3K36ac to p21 promoter,thereby reducing the transcription of p21,which ultimately prevents DPSCs senescence and promotes tissue regeneration.The activation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain(ETC)by Coenzyme Q10 could rescue the promotion of DPSC senescence induced by the knockdown of IGFBP7,whereas the inhibition of ETC by rotenone attenuated the prevention of DPSC senescence induced by IGFBP7 overexpression.In conclusion,our present results reveal a novel function of IGFBP7 in preventing DPSC senescence via the metabolism-induced deacetylation of H3K36ac and reduction of p21 transcription,suggesting that IGFBP7 is a potential target for promoting tissue regeneration in an aging environment.

Nitrate increases cisplatin chemosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma via REDD1/AKT signaling pathway

Although cisplatin is one of the chemotherapeutics most frequently used in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)treatment,it exerts multiple side effects and poor chemosensitivity.Nitrate reportedly demonstrates several beneficial biological functions,and synthesized nitrates enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy.However,the role of inorganic nitrate in cisplatin chemotherapy remains unclear.We therefore investigated the effect of inorganic nitrate exerted on cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC.We found that nitrate did not affect OSCC cell growth and apoptosis in OSCC cells and OSCC xenograft tumor animal studies.Cisplatin induced REDD1 expression and AKT activation in OSCC.However,nitrate could increase cisplatin chemosensitivity,reduce its REDD1 expression,and attenuate AKT signaling activation in OSCC cells.Dysregulation of high levels of REDD1,which could enhance AKT activation,was positively associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients.Thus,reduced REDD1 expression and retarded AKT activation induced by inorganic nitrate might be a new potential approach to the sensitization of oral cancer to cisplatin treatment in the future.

超声在深静脉血栓诊疗中的应用现状及进展

深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)是一种常见的周围血管疾病,好发于下肢。据统计,每年下肢DVT发病率可达48/10万~182/10万[1],早期诊断、及时干预对改善DVT患者的预后至关重要,既可以降低复发率还能够避免发生严重的并发症。