Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions a...Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage.W.coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota,modulation of immunity,and improving digestibility and metabolism.Spores,germinated cells and metabolites of W.coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs.W.coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration.W.coagulans has been generally recognized as safe(GRAS)by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health.The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W.coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods.This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W.coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W.coagulans.展开更多
Grafting is an ancient technique used for plant propagation and improvement in horticultural crops for at least 1,500 years.Citrus plants,with a seed-to-seed cycle of 5–15 years,are among the fruit crops that were pr...Grafting is an ancient technique used for plant propagation and improvement in horticultural crops for at least 1,500 years.Citrus plants,with a seed-to-seed cycle of 5–15 years,are among the fruit crops that were probably domesticated by grafting.Poncirus trifoliata,a widely used citrus rootstock,can promote early flowering,strengthen stress tolerance,and improve fruit quality via scion–rootstock interactions.Here,we report its genome assembly using PacBio sequencing.We obtained a final genome of 303 Mb with a contig N50 size of 1.17Mb and annotated 25,680 protein-coding genes.DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses indicated that the strong adaptability of P.trifoliata is likely attributable to its special epigenetic modification and expression pattern of resistance-related genes.Heterografting by using sweet orange as scion and P.trifoliata as rootstock and autografting using sweet orange as both scion and rootstock were performed to investigate the genetic effects of the rootstock.Single-base methylome analysis indicated that P.trifoliata as a rootstock caused DNA demethylation and a reduction in 24-nt small RNAs(sRNAs)in scions compared to the level observed with autografting,implying the involvement of sRNA-mediated graft-transmissible epigenetic modifications in citrus grafting.Taken together,the assembled genome for the citrus rootstock and the analysis of graft-induced epigenetic modifications provide global insights into the genetic effects of rootstock–scion interactions and grafting biology.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172172,32201994)the Foreign Expert Collaboration Project(G2021108010L).
文摘Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage.W.coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota,modulation of immunity,and improving digestibility and metabolism.Spores,germinated cells and metabolites of W.coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs.W.coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration.W.coagulans has been generally recognized as safe(GRAS)by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health.The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W.coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods.This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W.coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W.coagulans.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925034 and 31872052)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200146)。
文摘Grafting is an ancient technique used for plant propagation and improvement in horticultural crops for at least 1,500 years.Citrus plants,with a seed-to-seed cycle of 5–15 years,are among the fruit crops that were probably domesticated by grafting.Poncirus trifoliata,a widely used citrus rootstock,can promote early flowering,strengthen stress tolerance,and improve fruit quality via scion–rootstock interactions.Here,we report its genome assembly using PacBio sequencing.We obtained a final genome of 303 Mb with a contig N50 size of 1.17Mb and annotated 25,680 protein-coding genes.DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses indicated that the strong adaptability of P.trifoliata is likely attributable to its special epigenetic modification and expression pattern of resistance-related genes.Heterografting by using sweet orange as scion and P.trifoliata as rootstock and autografting using sweet orange as both scion and rootstock were performed to investigate the genetic effects of the rootstock.Single-base methylome analysis indicated that P.trifoliata as a rootstock caused DNA demethylation and a reduction in 24-nt small RNAs(sRNAs)in scions compared to the level observed with autografting,implying the involvement of sRNA-mediated graft-transmissible epigenetic modifications in citrus grafting.Taken together,the assembled genome for the citrus rootstock and the analysis of graft-induced epigenetic modifications provide global insights into the genetic effects of rootstock–scion interactions and grafting biology.
