Provenance Description of Metadata Vocabularies for the Long-term Maintenance of Metadata

Purpose： The purpose of this paper is to discuss provenance description of metadata terms and metadata vocabularies as a set of metadata terms. Provenance is crucial information to keep track of changes of metadata terms and metadata vocabularies for their consistent maintenance. Design/methodology/approach： The W3C PROV standard for general provenance description and Resource Description Framework（RDF） are adopted as the base models to formally define provenance description for metadata vocabularies.Findings： This paper defines a few primitive change types of metadata terms, and a provenance description model of the metadata terms based on the primitive change types. We also provide examples of provenance description in RDF graphs to show the proposed model.Research limitations： The model proposed in this paper is defined based on a few primitive relationships（e.g. addition, deletion, and replacement） between pre-version and post-version of a metadata term. The model is simplified and the practical changes of metadata terms can be more complicated than the primitive relationships discussed in the model. Practical implications： Formal provenance description of metadata vocabularies can improve maintainability of metadata vocabularies over time. Conventional maintenance of metadata terms is the maintenance of documents of terms. The proposed model enables effective and automated tracking of change history of metadata vocabularies using simple formal description scheme defined based on widely-used standards.Originality/value： Changes in metadata vocabularies may cause inconsistencies in the longterm use of metadata. This paper proposes a simple and formal scheme of provenance description of metadata vocabularies. The proposed model works as the basis of automated maintenance of metadata terms and their vocabularies and is applicable to various types of changes.

Approximate Forward Attractors of Non-Autonomous Dynamical Systems

In this paper the forward asymptotical behavior of non-autonomous dynamical systems and their attractors are investigated. Under general conditions, the authors show that every neighborhood of pullback attractor has forward attracting property.