Value of procalcitonin and presepsin in the diagnosis and severity stratification of sepsis and septic shock

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.[1,2]Septic shock,the most severe form of sepsis,is characterized by circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities,and can increase mortality to>40%.[1-3]Early recognition and risk stratification of septic shock are crucial but challenging because of the heterogeneity of its presentation and progression.

Novel insight into the formation and inhibition mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ inhibitory peptides from fermented mandarin fish(Chouguiyu)

Fermented foods are a potential source to produce novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides(D4IPs).In this study,the fermented mandarin fish(Chouguiyu)was used to screen D4IPs and their formation mechanism was studied by metagenomics and peptidomics.A total of 400 D4IPs with DPP-IV inhibition structure and high hydrophobicity were identified.The correlation network map showed that Lactococcus,Bacillus,Lysobacter,Pelagivirga,Kocuria,Escherichia,Streptococcus,and Peptostreptococcus were significantly correlated with the most D4IPs.Four stable D4IPs,including KAGARALTDAETAT,GEKVDFDDIQK,VVDADEMYLKGK,and GQKDSYVGDEAQ were respectively from the precursor proteins parvalbumin,troponin,myosin,and actin,and were mainly formed by the hydrolysis of subtilisin(EC 3.4.21.62),aspartic proteinase(EC 3.4.23.1),thermolysin(EC 3.4.24.27),oligopeptidase B(EC 3.4.21.83),and proteinase P1(EC 3.4.21.96)from Bacillus,Kocuria,Lysobacter,Lactococcus,and Peptostreptococcus.The inhibition mainly resulted from the hydrogen bond and salt bridge between D4IPs and DPP-IV enzyme.This study provides important information on the proteases and related microbial strains to directionally prepare D4IPs in Chouguiyu.

Tight Sandstone Image Augmentation for Image Identification Using Deep Learning

Intelligent identification of sandstone slice images using deep learning technology is the development trend of mineral identification,and accurate mineral particle segmentation is the most critical step for intelligent identification.A typical identification model requires many training samples to learn as many distinguishable features as possible.However,limited by the difficulty of data acquisition,the high cost of labeling,and privacy protection,this has led to a sparse sample number and cannot meet the training requirements of deep learning image identification models.In order to increase the number of samples and improve the training effect of deep learning models,this paper proposes a tight sandstone image data augmentation method by combining the advantages of the data deformation method and the data oversampling method in the Putaohua reservoir in the Sanzhao Sag of the Songliao Basin as the target area.First,the Style Generative Adversarial Network(StyleGAN)is improved to generate high-resolution tight sandstone images to improve data diversity.Second,we improve the Automatic Data Augmentation(AutoAugment)algorithm to search for the optimal augmentation strategy to expand the data scale.Finally,we design comparison experiments to demonstrate that this method has obvious advantages in generating image quality and improving the identification effect of deep learning models in real application scenarios.

A Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity Data Accuracy Detection Method Fused by GCN and TCN

Spatio-temporal heterogeneous data is the database for decisionmaking in many fields,and checking its accuracy can provide data support for making decisions.Due to the randomness,complexity,global and local correlation of spatiotemporal heterogeneous data in the temporal and spatial dimensions,traditional detection methods can not guarantee both detection speed and accuracy.Therefore,this article proposes a method for detecting the accuracy of spatiotemporal heterogeneous data by fusing graph convolution and temporal convolution networks.Firstly,the geographic weighting function is introduced and improved to quantify the degree of association between nodes and calculate the weighted adjacency value to simplify the complex topology.Secondly,design spatiotemporal convolutional units based on graph convolutional neural networks and temporal convolutional networks to improve detection speed and accuracy.Finally,the proposed method is compared with three methods,ARIMA,T-GCN,and STGCN,in real scenarios to verify its effectiveness in terms of detection speed,detection accuracy and stability.The experimental results show that the RMSE,MAE,and MAPE of this method are the smallest in the cases of simple connectivity and complex connectivity degree,which are 13.82/12.08,2.77/2.41,and 16.70/14.73,respectively.Also,it detects the shortest time of 672.31/887.36,respectively.In addition,the evaluation results are the same under different time periods of processing and complex topology environment,which indicates that the detection accuracy of this method is the highest and has good research value and application prospects.

Establishment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for beef and lamb contents in cooked meat

In this study,an enzyme 1linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was established to detect beef and 1amb components,and its performance was tested.Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was adopted and determined a coating concentration of capture antibody 3G5 of 1:4000,a working concentration of enzyme-labeled antibody 2E7-horseradish peroxidase(HRP)of 1:1000,a sample incubation time of 60 min and a detection antibody reaction time of 60 min.The specificity,sensitivity,repeatability and stability of this assay were detemmined.The limit of detection for beef and 1amb skeleta1 muscle troponin I was 45 mg/kg,the inter-assay and intra-assay recovery rates ranged from 80.4%to 115.7%,the coefficients of variation were below 13.6%,and the cIoss reaction rates of the tissue components of chicken,duck and fish were below 13.4%.The sandwich ELISA method established in this study is stable and has high accuracy.The test results were consistent with the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method at 50 and 100 g/kg-Therefore,this ELISA method can be used to quantitatively detect beef and 1amb components in meat products.

街头官僚组织自主性的激活及其驱动机制——以T小区维修资金冲突案例为例

在街头官僚研究谱系中,街头官僚组织自主性是长期被忽视的重要议题。论文基于对H市T小区违规使用维修资金冲突案例的田野观察,展示了T居委会最初的从旁观者到全面主导维修资金问题处理的过程,阐释了街头官僚组织自主性的激活及其机制。研究发现,T居委会对维修资金问题的干预经历了保持中立、初步干预、持续参与和全面接手四个阶段,展示了T居委会从被动应对到主动解决维修资金问题的过程,蕴含了T居委会的自主性从被动激活到主动激活的转变。街头官僚组织自主性的激活包含了复杂的驱动机制,具体包括问题性质转换、纵向权威推动、关键信息掌控、行动界面重构和组织绩效激励。论文打开了街头官僚研究中的组织自主性“黑箱”,揭示了街头官僚组织激活自主性的驱动机制,也有助于推动街头官僚理论的本土化建构。在未来的基层治理实践中,应该更加重视发挥街头官僚组织的主观能动作用,为街头官僚组织的主动作为提供充足的制度空间和绩效激励,充分激发街头官僚组织在基层治理中的活力。

Efficacy and safety of LY01005 versus goserelin implant in Chinese patients with prostate cancer: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III, non-inferiority trial

Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:We conducted a randomized controlled,open-label,non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China.This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections.The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85.Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of-10%.Secondary endpoints included significant castration(≤20 ng/dL),testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing,and changes in luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,and prostate specific antigen levels.Results:On day 29,in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups,testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3%(142/143)and 100%(140/140)of patients,respectively,with a difference of-0.7%(95%confidence interval[CI],-3.9%to 2.0%)between the two groups.The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3%and 97.8%,respectively,with a between-group difference of 1.5%(95%CI,-1.3%to 4.4%).Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority.Secondary endpoints were similar between groups.Both treatments were well-tolerated.LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant(0%vs.1.4%[2/145]).Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels,with a similar safety profile.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04563936.

Modulating the p-band center of carbon nanofibers derived from Co spin state as anode for high-power sodium storage

Carbon nanofibers(CNFs)have received extensive and in-depth studied as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and yet their initial Coulombic efficiency and rate capability remain enormous challenge at practical level.Herein,CNFs anchored with cobalt nanocluster(CNFs-Co)were prepared using chemical vapor deposition and thermal reduction methods.The as-prepared CNFs-Co shows a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91%and a high specific discharge capacity of 246 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 200 cycles as anode for SIBs.Meanwhile,the CNFs-Co anode still delivers a high cycling stability with 108 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 10 A/g.These excellent electrochemical properties could be attributed to the involved spin state Co,which endows CNFs with large interplanar spacing(0.39 nm)and abundant vacancy defects.Importantly,the spin state Co downshifts the p-band center of carbon and strengthens the Na+adsorption energy from-2.33 eV to-2.64 eV based on density functional theory calculation.This novel strategy of modulating the carbon electronic structure by the spin state of magnetic metals provides a reference for the development of high-performance carbon-based anode materials.

Epitaxial growth of Cu_(2-x)Se on Cu(220)crystal plane as high property anode for sodium storage

Three-dimentional(3D)transition metal selenides with sufficient channels could produce significant superiority on enhancing reaction kinetics for sodium-ion batteries.However,the thorough exploration of 3D architecture with a facile strategy is still challenging.Here we report that a polycrystalline Cu_(2-x)Se film was epitaxial grown on(220)facets-exposed Cu by direct selenization of a nanoporous Cu skeleton,which is obtained by dealloying rolled Cu Mn@Cu alloy foil.Density functional theory calculation result shows strong adsorption energy for Se atoms on Cu(220)planes during selenization reaction,rendering a low energy consumption.By virtue of this core-shell 3D nanoporous architecture to offer abundant active sites and endow fast electron/ion transportation,the nanoporous Cu_(2-x)Se@Cu-0.15 composite electrode exhibits remarkable sodium-ion storage properties with high reversible capacity of 950.6μAh/cm^(2)at 50μA/cm^(2),suprior rate capability of 457.6μAh/cm^(2)at 500μA/cm^(2),as well as an ultra-long stability at a high current density.Mechanism investigation reveals that the electrochemical reaction is a typical conversion-type reaction with different intermediates.This novel electrode synthetic strategy provides useful instructions to design the high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Decreased human leukocyte antigen-D-related expression on CD14^(+)monocytes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest provided target temperature management therapy:a prospective observational study

Background:Post–cardiac arrest syndrome involves systemic inflammation,which causes subsequent neurological impairments.We investigated the influence of targeted temperature management(TTM)therapy in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)by observing the changes in circulating CD14^(+)monocytes and the expression of human leukocyte antigen D–related(HLA-DR)and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)in CD14^(+)monocytes.Methods:Adult patients admitted to the emergency department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital after OHCA between January 2017 and March 2018 were included in this study.Thirty control subjects,10 patients with OHCA,and 37 patients with OHCA who received 72 hours of TTM therapy were enrolled.Peripheral blood samples of patients in the OHCA and TTM groups were collected on Days 1 and 3(D1 and D3)after ROSC and evaluated for HLA-DR and PD-L1 expression on CD14^(+)monocytes using flow cytometry.Results:Compared with control subjects,the percentage of circulating CD14^(+)monocytes,HLA-DR+/CD14^(+)monocyte ratios,and mean fluorescence intensity were significantly decreased in patients with OHCA.After ROSC,HLA-DR expression in CD14^(+)monocytes in the TTM group was lower than that in patients with OHCA.However,there were no significant differences in the percentage of PD-L1+/CD14^(+)monocytes or the mean fluorescence intensity between patients with OHCA and healthy volunteers.Conclusion:After ROSC,circulating CD14^(+)monocytes and HLA-DR+/CD14^(+)monocyte ratios decreased significantly in patients with OHCA.Human leukocyte antigen D–related expression in CD14^(+)monocytes was lower in patients treated with TTM.

Porous LiFePO_(4)/NiP Composite Nanospheres as the Cathode Materials in Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

We report the synthesis of porous LiFePO4/NiP composite nanospheres and their application in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.A simple one-step spraying technique was developed to prepare LiFePO_(4)/NiP composite nanospheres with an electrical conductivity 10^(3)-10^(4) times that of bulk particles of LiFePO_(4).Electrochemical measurements show that LiFePO_(4) nanospheres with a uniform loading of 0.86 wt%1.50 wt%NiP exhibit high discharge capacity,good cycling reversibility,and low apparent activation energies.The superior electrode performance of the as-prepared composite nanospheres results from the greatly enhanced electrical conductivity and porous structure of the materials.

Effects of early hemodynamics,oxygen metabolism,and lactate dynamics on prognosis of post-cardiac arrest syndrome

With an annual incidence of 0.5 to 1.5/1000,cardiac arrest(CA)has emerged as a major global public health concern.[1]Although the American Heart Association(AHA)-International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation updates the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)guidelines every 5 years,the survival rate and percentage of patients with good neurologic outcomes post-CA after hospital discharge have been relatively low.Therefore,the AHA 2010 CPR guidelines mention the treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome(PCAS)in the intensive care unit(ICU)as the fifth link in the CA survival chain.PCAS is a pathophysiological process that includes(1)brain injury,(2)myocardial dysfunction leading to hemodynamic instability,and(3)systemic ischemia/reperfusion response leading to lactate accumulation.[2]These key factors affect the survival and neurological prognosis of CA patients in the early stages.We assessed the effects of early hemodynamics,oxygen metabolism,and lactate dynamics during PCAS on a 28-day survival rate and neurological outcomes.

Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Allyl Carboxylates, Norbornenes and Diboronates InvoIving Sequential Olefins Insertion and Borylation Reaction

Summary of main observation and conclusion An efficient Pd-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of allyl carboxylates, norbornenes and diboronates is described, which allows efficient assembly of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-B bonds in a single process. Moreover, this approach shows advantages of good chemo- and regioselectivity, as well as good substrates suitability.

Advanced high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for high-resolution wide-swath spaceborne SAR

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) is a well-established and powerful imaging technology that can provide high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface on a global scale. For future SAR systems, one of the key capabilities is to acquire images with both high-resolution and wide-swath. In parallel to the evolution of SAR sensors, more precise range models, and effective imaging algorithms are required. Due to the significant azimuth-variance of the echo signal in High-Resolution Wide-Swath(HRWS) SAR, two challenges have been faced in conventional imaging algorithms. The first challenge is constructing a precise range model of the whole scene and the second one is to develop an effective imaging algorithm since existing ones fail to process highresolution and wide azimuth swath SAR data effectively. In this paper, an Advanced High-order Nonlinear Chirp Scaling(A-HNLCS) algorithm for HRWS SAR is proposed. First, a novel Second-Order Equivalent Squint Range Model(SOESRM) is developed to describe the range history of the whole scene, by introducing a quadratic curve to fit the deviation of the azimuth FM rate. Second, a corresponding algorithm is derived, where the azimuth-variance of the echo signal is solved by azimuth equalizing processing and accurate focusing is achieved through a high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm. As a result, the whole scene can be accurately focused through one single imaging processing. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed range model and imaging algorithm.

Magnesium Microspheres and Nanospheres: Morphology- Controlled Synthesis and Application in Mg/MnO_(2) Batteries

In this paper,we report on the morphology-controlled synthesis of magnesium micro/nanospheres and their electrochemical performance as the anode of primary Mg/MnO_(2) batteries.Mg micro/nanoscale materials with controllable shapes have been prepared via a conventional vapor-transport method under an inert atmosphere by adjusting the deposition temperatures.Extensive analysis techniques including SEM,XRD,TEM/HRTEM,and Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)were carried out to characterize the as-obtained samples.The results show that the Mg samples are microspheres or micro/nanospheres with specific surface areas of 0.611.92 m^(2)/g.The electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Mg and commercial Mg powders were further studied in terms of their linear sweep voltammograms,impedance spectra,and discharge capability.By comparing the performance of different inhibitors in electrolytes,it was found that NaNO2(2.6 mol/L)as an inhibitor in the Mg(NO_(3))_(2)(2.6 mol/L)electrolyte affords a Mg electrode with high current density and low corrosion rate.In particular,the Mg sample consisting of microspheres with a diameter of 1.53.0μm and nanospheres with a diameter of 50150 nm exhibited superior electrode properties including negative initial potential(1.08 V),high current density(163 mA/cm^(2)),low apparent activation energy(5.1 kJ/mol),and high discharge specifi c capacity(784 mAh/g).The mixture of Mg nanospheres and microspheres is promising for application in primary Mg/MnO_(2) batteries because of the suffi cient contact with the electrolyte and greatly reduced charge transfer impedance and polarization.

Comparison of “Normal” Craniocerebral Computed Tomography of Deceased and Living Individuals

To compare“normal”craniocerebral computed tomography(CT)of deceased and living individuals.Nineteen parameters of craniocerebral CT scans of 50 deceased and 50 living individuals that met specific filtering criteria were measured separately:The intensity(CT value)ratio of gray matter to white matter(GM/WM),maximum and minimum length of frontal horn of ventricle,transverse diameter of cerebral parenchyma,length of choroid plexus,maximum external diameter of body of lateral ventricle,maximum internal transverse diameter of cranium,length of cerebral longitudinal fissure,length between two calvarium,transverse and longitudinal diameter of the third and fourth ventricle,length of the cerebral longitudinal fissure,Hackman value,ventricular index(D/A),index of the somatic part of lateral ventricle(F/E),lateral ventricular body index(G/E),frontal horn index(G/A),and ventriculocranial ratio(VCR).The values of these 19 parameters for the deceased and living individuals were performed using statistical methods.There were significant statistic differences between deceased and living individuals in terms of eight craniocerebral CT parameters,including GM/WM,D/A,transverse diameter of the fourth ventricle,and length of the cerebral longitudinal fissure.The craniocerebral CT findings differ between deceased and living individuals.Knowledge of the normal postmortem craniocerebral CT parameters is key to correct postmortem craniocerebral radiopathological diagnosis.

Functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Background:Cardiac arrest(CA)is a terminal event that results in a range of pathophysiological changes in the body,most notably,systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury.The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis is an important neuroendocrine system that modulates adrenocortical hormone release.This study was designed to investigate the changes in HPA-related hormone levels after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and to explore possible etiologies to provide a basis for relevant clinical research.Methods:We collected the clinical data of 96 patients with CA admitted to the Emergency Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University,between January 2016 and May 2017.Serum samples were collected 6,24,and 72 hours after restoring spontaneous circulation(ROSC).The data were compared with those of the healthy control group(n=50).An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to measure copeptin,adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),and total cortisol.Demographic data were collected for both groups.For the CPR group,clinical data and the end-of-study cerebral performance category(CPC)were analyzed.Patients were followed up through day 28.Death or survival after day 28 was used as the study endpoint.Simple values were expressed as medians and quartiles or ratios(%)for statistical analysis.Continuous variables are expressed as mean±standard deviation.Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages.The mean values of normally distributed measurement data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)for among-group comparisons and the least significant difference(LSD)test for between-group comparisons.SPSS v17(SPSS,Chicago,IL,USA)was used for statistical analysis,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:No significant between-group differences were observed in terms of age or sex.The 28-day mortality rate in the CPR group was 71%.ACTH and CRH levels were significantly lower in the CPR group than in the healthy control group(P<0.001).Copeptin and cortisol levels 6 hours after ROSC were significantly higher in the CPR group than in the healthy control group(P<0.001).No significant changes in any indicator were observed over time(6,24,and 72 hours after ROSC)(P>0.05).The CPC score was 1–2(good cerebral performance group)in 13 patients,3–4(poor cerebral performance group)in 17 patients,and 5(brain death or clinical death)in 66 patients.Patients with significantly declining ACTH and CRH levels had higher CPC scores(P<0.05);however,no significant differences were found in other indicators(P>0.05).Conclusion:After post-CA ROSC,ischemia-reperfusion injury may cause brain damage and HPA axis damage and dysfunction,the severity of which is associated with CPC score.

柔性抗结冰表面的制备及其性能

冰的附着和累积是常见自然现象,但给人类社会带来诸多不便甚至发生重大事故。抗结冰表面是当前研究的热点课题之一,其表面特性是影响结冰最为关键的因素。但是结冰条件的复杂性及结冰类型的多样性致使抗结冰材料的研究面临很大挑战,存在的稳定性差、应用条件局限性等诸多问题尚未解决,不能满足实际应用的需求。本文根据表面分子的柔性或滑移性对抗结冰性能的影响,提出了柔性抗结冰表面的概念,总结了柔性抗结冰表面的种类(本征柔性表面、缓释柔性表面、润滑柔性表面)及其抗结冰机理和近年来取得的一些重要研究成果,并对柔性抗结冰表面存在的问题进行了分析,以期为抗结冰材料的研究提供新的研究思路和方法。

Defect-density control of platinum-based nanoframes with high-index facets for enhanced electrochemical properties

Structure-engineered platinum-based nanoframes(NFs)at the atomic level can effectively improve the catalytic performance for fuel cells and other heterogeneous catalytic fields.We report herein,a microwave-assisted wet-chemical method for the preparation of platinum-copper-cobalt NFs with tunable defect density and architecture,which exhibit enhanced activity and durability towards the electro-oxidation reactions of methanol(MOR)and formic acid(FAOR).By altering the reduction/capping agents and thus the nucleation/growth kinetics,trimetallic platinum-copper-cobalt hexapod NFs with different density high-index facets are achieved.Especially,the rough hexapod nanoframes(rh-NFs)exhibit excellent specific activities towards MOR and FAOR,7.25 and 5.20 times higher than those of benchmark Pt/C,respectively,along with prolonged durability.The excellent activities of the rh-NFs are assigned to a synergistic effect,including high density of defects and high-index facets,suitable d-band center,and open-framework structure.This synergistic working mechanism opens up a new way for enhancing their electrocatalytic performances by increasing defect density and high-index facets in open-framework platinum-based NFs.

The role of TLRs in cervical cancer with HPV infection:a review

The main cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus(HR-HPV),but not all human papilloma virus(HPV)infections lead to cervical cancer.The key factors that determine the outcome of HPV infection remain poorly understood,and how the host immune system protects against HPV infection is unclear.Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are a group of pattern recognition receptors present in the cytoplasm and cell membrane,and can specifically recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.As the key molecules of innate and acquired immunity,TLRs not only play important roles in the immune defense against infectious diseases,but also are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors.In cervical cancer caused by HR-HPV infection,TLRs have been found to regulate the local immune microenvironment.The role of TLRs in HR-HPV infection and HPV-induced cervical cancer and its relationship with HPV vaccine are reviewed in this article.