Restoration of space-variant blurred image based on motion-blurred target segmentation

In imaging on moving target, it is easy to get space- variant blurred image. In order to recover the image and gain recognizable target, an approach to recover the space-variant blurred image is presented based on image segmentation. Be- cause of motion blur＇s convolution process, the pixels of observed image＇s target and background will be displaced and piled up to produce two superposition regions. As a result, the neighbor- ing pixels in the superposition regions will have similar grey level change. According to the pixel＇s motion-blur character, the target＇s blurred edge of superposition region could be detected. Canny operator can be recurred to detect the target edge which parallels the motion blur direction. Then in the segmentation process, the whole target image which has the character of integral convolution between motion blur and real target image can be obtained. At last, the target image is restored by deconvolution algorithms with adding zeros. The restoration result indicates that the approach can effectively solve the kind of problem of space-variant motion blurred image restoration.

Biomass increment and mortality losses in tropical secondary forests of Hainan, China

Secondary forests, created after heavy logging,are an important part of China's forests. We investigated forest biomass and its accumulation rate in 38 plots in a tropical secondary forest on Hainan Island. These secondary forests are moderate carbon sinks, averaging1.96–2.17 t C ha-1 a-1. Biomass increment is largely by medium-sized(10–35 m) trees. Tree mortality accounts for almost 30% of the biomass and plays a negligible role in biomass accumulation estimates. Mortality rate is highly dependent on tree size. For small trees and seedlings, it is related to competition due to elevated irradiance after logging. Regarding prospective biomass and rates of accumulation, recovery is not as rapid as in secondary forests of cleared land. Therefore, tropical forests are susceptible to logging operations and need careful forest management.

Effects of cytokines and chemokines on migration of mesenchymal stem cells following spinal cord injury

We investigated the effects of cytokines and chemokines and their associated signaling pathways on mesenchymal stem cell migration after spinal cord injury, to determine their roles in the curative effects of mesenchymal stem cells. This study reviewed the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin like growth factor-I, stromal cell-derived factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, 3 during mesenchymal stem cell migration to damaged sites, and analyzed the signal transduction pathways involved in their effects on mesenchymal stem cell migration. The results confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine protein kinases and nuclear factor-KB play crucial roles in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells induced by cytokines and chemokines.

The role of microtubule-associated protein 1B in axonal growth and neuronal migration in the central nervous system

In this review, we discuss the role of microtubule-associated protein 1 B （MAP1B） and its phosphorylation in axonal development and regeneration in the central nervous system. MAP1B exhibits similar functions during axonal development and regeneration. MAP1B and phosphorylated MAPIB in neurons and axons maintain a dynamic balance between cytoskeletal components, and regulate the stability and interaction of microtubules and actin to promote axonal growth, neural connectivity and regeneration in the central nervous system.

青藏高原发现3000年前的奶制品

奶制品的出现是新石器时代次级产品革命的标志之一,代表着对动物奶、毛、畜力等可以反复利用资源的开发,为早期农业和游牧社会的发展提供了基础.青藏高原人群现代食谱中肉、奶比例相对较高,但缺少史前奶制品利用的直接证据.陶器是新石器时代古人最常用的烹饪和储存工具,检测陶器残留物的脂肪酸组成及碳同位素分布可以指示动物肉类和奶类来源.本文对西藏日喀则南木林县海拔约4000 m的共塘遗址出土陶片进行了脂质残留物分析,结果显示大约3000年前,在雅鲁藏布江中游地区,奶制品消费伴随着当地的牛羊等家养动物同时出现.

Cathodic behavior of scandium(Ⅲ) on reactive copper electrodes in LiF-CaF_(2)eutectic molten salt

The electrochemical formation of Sc-Cu alloy was investigated in LiF-CaF_(2) eutectic molten salt employing various electrochemical methods.Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry indicate that the reduction of scandium(Ⅲ) on the tungsten electrode is a one-step reduction process with three electrons transfer.And underpotential deposition of scandium on the copper electrode occurs owing to the depolarization effect,i.e.,forming Sc-Cu intermetallic compounds.The thermodynamic properties of the Sc-Cu intermetallic compounds ScCu_(4),ScCu_(2),and ScCu in the temperature range of 1153-1223 K were estimated by open-circuit chronopotentiometry.Moreover,the Sc-Cu alloys were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis and characterized by optical microscope,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results reveal that only Sc-Cu alloy composed of Cu-ScCu_(4) can be synthesized at low cathodic current density and above eutectic temperature.