Tongluojiunao (TLJN) is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action re...Tongluojiunao (TLJN) is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 (10 μmol/L) signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN (2 μL/mL), speciifcally by the component geniposide (26 μmol/L), but not ginsenoside Rg1 (2.5 μmol/L). hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 (1 μmol/L), did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 (50 μmol/L) or U0126 (10 μmol/L), respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway (i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase) is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.展开更多
Lithium niobate(LN)metasurfaces have emerged as a new platform for manipulating electromagnetic waves.Here,we report a fabrication technique for LN nano-grating metasurfaces by combining focused ion beam(FIB)milling w...Lithium niobate(LN)metasurfaces have emerged as a new platform for manipulating electromagnetic waves.Here,we report a fabrication technique for LN nano-grating metasurfaces by combining focused ion beam(FIB)milling with inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE).Steep sidewalls with angles larger than 80°are achieved.Sharp quasi-bound states in the continuum are observed from our metasurfaces.The measured transmission spectra show good agreement with the numerical simulations,confirming the high quality of the fabricated metasurfaces.Our technique can be applied to fabricate the LN metasurfaces with sharp resonances for various applications in optical communications,on-chip photonics,laser physics,sensing,and so on.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81072901the New Teacher Fund for Doctor Station,Ministry of Education,No.20120013110013+1 种基金grants from the Nautical Traditional Chinese Medicine Discipline,No.522/0100604054grants from the Nautical Traditional Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center,No.522/0100604299
文摘Tongluojiunao (TLJN) is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 (10 μmol/L) signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN (2 μL/mL), speciifcally by the component geniposide (26 μmol/L), but not ginsenoside Rg1 (2.5 μmol/L). hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 (1 μmol/L), did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 (50 μmol/L) or U0126 (10 μmol/L), respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway (i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase) is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0305100,2017YFA0303800,and 2019YFA0705000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92050114,12174202,91750204,61775106,11904182,12074200,and 11774185)+5 种基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030009)111 Project(No.B07013)PCSIRT(No.IRT0149)Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang ProvinceFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.010-63201003,010-63201008,010-63201009,and 01063211001)Tianjin Youth Talent Support Program。
文摘Lithium niobate(LN)metasurfaces have emerged as a new platform for manipulating electromagnetic waves.Here,we report a fabrication technique for LN nano-grating metasurfaces by combining focused ion beam(FIB)milling with inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE).Steep sidewalls with angles larger than 80°are achieved.Sharp quasi-bound states in the continuum are observed from our metasurfaces.The measured transmission spectra show good agreement with the numerical simulations,confirming the high quality of the fabricated metasurfaces.Our technique can be applied to fabricate the LN metasurfaces with sharp resonances for various applications in optical communications,on-chip photonics,laser physics,sensing,and so on.