Objective:The paper discusses recent evidence on the assessment of language outcomes in children with hearing loss acquiring oral language. Methods: Research emphasizes that language tests must be specific enough to c...Objective:The paper discusses recent evidence on the assessment of language outcomes in children with hearing loss acquiring oral language. Methods: Research emphasizes that language tests must be specific enough to capture subtle deficits in vocabulary and grammar learning at different developmental ages. The Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin (DREAM) was carefully designed to be a comprehensive standardized Mandarin assessment normed in China's Mainland. Results:This paper summarizes the evidence-based item design process and validity and reliability results of DREAM. A pilot study reported here shows that DREAM provided detailed information about hearing impaired children's language abilities and can be used to aid intervention planning to maximize progress. Conclusion: DREAM represents an example of translational science, transferring methods from empirical studies of language acquisition in research environments into applied domains such as assessment and intervention. Research on outcomes in China will advance significantly with the availability of evidence-based comprehensive language tests that measure a sufficient age range of skills, are normed on Mandarin speaking children in China's Mainland, and are designed to capture features central to Mandarin language acquisition.展开更多
In his minimalist design of the Faculty of Language, Chomsky contends with a process of mapping I-language to E-language, and in passing, a process of re-internalizing E-language to I-language. This paper attempts to ...In his minimalist design of the Faculty of Language, Chomsky contends with a process of mapping I-language to E-language, and in passing, a process of re-internalizing E-language to I-language. This paper attempts to address the question of how and in what ways E-language contributes to the inner working and re-shaping of I-language by mainly referring to Pirah?, English and Chinese for illustrative exemplification.展开更多
基金the financial support of Bethel Hearing and Speaking Training Center Inc. for all research studies in this paper
文摘Objective:The paper discusses recent evidence on the assessment of language outcomes in children with hearing loss acquiring oral language. Methods: Research emphasizes that language tests must be specific enough to capture subtle deficits in vocabulary and grammar learning at different developmental ages. The Diagnostic Receptive and Expressive Assessment of Mandarin (DREAM) was carefully designed to be a comprehensive standardized Mandarin assessment normed in China's Mainland. Results:This paper summarizes the evidence-based item design process and validity and reliability results of DREAM. A pilot study reported here shows that DREAM provided detailed information about hearing impaired children's language abilities and can be used to aid intervention planning to maximize progress. Conclusion: DREAM represents an example of translational science, transferring methods from empirical studies of language acquisition in research environments into applied domains such as assessment and intervention. Research on outcomes in China will advance significantly with the availability of evidence-based comprehensive language tests that measure a sufficient age range of skills, are normed on Mandarin speaking children in China's Mainland, and are designed to capture features central to Mandarin language acquisition.
文摘In his minimalist design of the Faculty of Language, Chomsky contends with a process of mapping I-language to E-language, and in passing, a process of re-internalizing E-language to I-language. This paper attempts to address the question of how and in what ways E-language contributes to the inner working and re-shaping of I-language by mainly referring to Pirah?, English and Chinese for illustrative exemplification.
