A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space ...A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space is proposed by applying the discrete Fourier series expansions of sine and cosine functions. The semi-circular hill problem is discussed as a special case for the new formulated equation.Compared with the previous semi-circular cases solutions, the present method can give surface displacement amplitudes which agrees well with previous results. Although the proposed equation can only solve the problem of SH-waves diffracted by almost semi-circular shallow hills, the stress and displacement residual amplitudes are numerical insignificantly everywhere. Moreover, the influences of the depth-towidth ratio（a parameter defined in this paper to evaluate the shallowness of the topography of hills） on ground motions are presented and summarized. The limitations and errors of truncation from Graf’s addition theorem and Fourier series equations in the present paper are also discussed.展开更多
Renal tubulointerstitialfibrosis(TIF)is the common end stage of various chronic renal diseases,and pirfenidone(PFD)is a novel,broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic compound but little is known about its effect and mechanism of a...Renal tubulointerstitialfibrosis(TIF)is the common end stage of various chronic renal diseases,and pirfenidone(PFD)is a novel,broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic compound but little is known about its effect and mechanism of action on renal TIF.In this work,we employed a unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)rat model to investigate the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells(RTC)after PFD treatment.Thirty-five Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:sham-operated group(n=7),UUO group(n=14)and PFD group(n=14).All rats were sacrificed at day 7 or 14 after operation.Renal histology was studied by using periodic acid schiff reagent(PAS)and Masson trichromic stain(MASSON);apoptosis was detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling(TUNEL)method;tubular caspase-3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and total activity of superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the renal cortex were determined by chemical colorimetry method.TIF,apopto-sis of RTC,tubular expression of caspase-3 and the content of MDA were increased in the UUO group compared with those in the sham-operated group,and were ameliorated significantly by PFD treatment(P<0.05).The activity of SOD was decreased in the UUO group,but was increased by PFD treatment(P<0.05).Our results showed that PFD could ameliorate TIF in the UUO group,and the possible mechanism was by reducing the apoptosis of RTC,which involved oxidative stress and caspase-3.展开更多
文摘A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space is proposed by applying the discrete Fourier series expansions of sine and cosine functions. The semi-circular hill problem is discussed as a special case for the new formulated equation.Compared with the previous semi-circular cases solutions, the present method can give surface displacement amplitudes which agrees well with previous results. Although the proposed equation can only solve the problem of SH-waves diffracted by almost semi-circular shallow hills, the stress and displacement residual amplitudes are numerical insignificantly everywhere. Moreover, the influences of the depth-towidth ratio（a parameter defined in this paper to evaluate the shallowness of the topography of hills） on ground motions are presented and summarized. The limitations and errors of truncation from Graf’s addition theorem and Fourier series equations in the present paper are also discussed.
文摘Renal tubulointerstitialfibrosis(TIF)is the common end stage of various chronic renal diseases,and pirfenidone(PFD)is a novel,broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic compound but little is known about its effect and mechanism of action on renal TIF.In this work,we employed a unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)rat model to investigate the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells(RTC)after PFD treatment.Thirty-five Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:sham-operated group(n=7),UUO group(n=14)and PFD group(n=14).All rats were sacrificed at day 7 or 14 after operation.Renal histology was studied by using periodic acid schiff reagent(PAS)and Masson trichromic stain(MASSON);apoptosis was detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling(TUNEL)method;tubular caspase-3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and total activity of superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the renal cortex were determined by chemical colorimetry method.TIF,apopto-sis of RTC,tubular expression of caspase-3 and the content of MDA were increased in the UUO group compared with those in the sham-operated group,and were ameliorated significantly by PFD treatment(P<0.05).The activity of SOD was decreased in the UUO group,but was increased by PFD treatment(P<0.05).Our results showed that PFD could ameliorate TIF in the UUO group,and the possible mechanism was by reducing the apoptosis of RTC,which involved oxidative stress and caspase-3.
