高等教育数据分析领域的宏观趋势、技术实践和未来场景——美国《EDUCAUSE地平线报告2022(数据分析版)》解读

美国高等教育信息技术专业机构EDUCAUSE于2022年7月首次发布的《EDUCAUSE地平线报告2022(数据分析版)》,对各国政府预测和研判未来高等教育数据分析领域数字化转型来说是一个重要的参考。分析该报告的内容有助于探明塑造高等教育数据分析领域的宏观趋势、关键技术与实践以及未来发展场景,从而有益于为我国高等教育数字化转型和高质量发展制定前瞻性决策和战略规划。基于此,文章从非工具性分析视角,提出我国高等教育数据分析领域的未来创新发展路径:一是完善专业化数据分析服务,建立现代化高等教育数据架构,奠定机构数据分析的技术应用基础;二是采用数据治理思维,构建科学合理的数据治理体系,推动高等教育数据治理现代化;三是坚持需求导向,开展数据素养培训,提升利益相关者的数据素养,奠定高等教育数据分析领域的数字能力基础;四是完善数据治理政策法规,实现数据分析的多样性、公平性和包容性,推动我国高等教育数据分析领域数字化转型。

Platelet membrane-coated C-TiO_(2) hollow nanospheres for combined sonodynamic and alkyl-radical cancer therapy

The therapeutic efficiency of sonodynamic therapy(SDT)mainly depends on the presence of oxygen(O_(2))to generate harmful reactive oxygen species(ROS);thus,the hypoxic tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficacy of SDT.Therefore,the development of oxygen-independent free radical generators and associated combination therapy tactics can be a promising field to facilitate the anticancer capability of SDT.In this study,a biomimetic drug delivery system(C-TiO_(2)/AIPH@PM)composed of an alkyl-radical generator(2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride,AIPH)-loaded C-TiO_(2) hollow nanoshells(HNSs)as the inner cores,and a platelet membrane(PM)as the outer shells is successfully prepared for synergistic SDT and oxygen-independent alkyl-radical therapy.The PM encapsulation can significantly prolong the blood circulation time of CTiO_(2)/AIPH@PM compared with C-TiO_(2)/AIPH while enabling C-TiO_(2)/AIPH@PM to achieve tumor targeting.C-TiO_(2)/AIPH@PM can efficiently produce ROS and alkyl radicals,which can achieve a more thorough tumor eradication regardless of the normoxic or hypoxic conditions.Furthermore,the generation of these radicals improves the efficiency of SDT.In addition,nitrogen(N_(2))produced due to the decomposition of AIPH enhances the acoustic cavitation effect and lowers the cavitation threshold,thereby enhancing the penetration of CTiO_(2)/AIPH@PM at the tumor sites.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that CTiO_(2)/AIPH@PM possesses good biosafety,ultrasound imaging performance,and excellent anticancer efficacy.This study provides a new strategy to achieve oxygen-independent free radical production and enhance therapeutic efficacy by combining SDT and free radical therapy.

Chip-scale metalens microscope for wide-field and depth-of-field imaging

Microscopy is very important in research and industry,yet traditional optical microscopy suffers from the limited field-of-view(FOV)and depth-of-field(DOF)in high-resolution imaging.We demonstrate a simultaneous large FOV and DOF microscope imaging technology based on a chip-scale metalens device that is implemented by a SiNxmetalens array with a co-and cross-polarization multiplexed dual-phase design and dispersive spectrum zoom effect.A 4-mm×4-mm FOV is obtained with a resolution of 1.74μm and DOF of200μm within a wavelength range of 450 to 510 nm,which definitely exceeds the performance of traditional microscopes with the same resolution.Moreover,it is realized in a miniaturized compact prototype,showing an overall advantage for portable and convenient microscope technology.

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Deciphers Immune Landscape of Human Recurrent Miscarriage

Introduction Pregnancy is a mysterious biological process that presents great challenges to the maternal immune system.In the early 1950s,the‘‘fetal allograft”concept was described for the first time by Peter Medawar,and the unique immunology of the maternal-fetal interface was recognized[1].Correct and precise interaction between mother and fetus plays an important role during pregnancy process,such as the apposition,adhesion,implantation,and growth of embryo in uterus[2].In 1991,Colbern and Main proposed that the maternal immune cells directly interact with placenta but not the fetus[3].Therefore,information concerning the cross-talk between maternal immune cells and placenta during normal pregnancy will provide clues to explore the underlying mechanism of pathological pregnancy.Immune cells,such as natural killer(NK),macrophage,T,and dendritic cells,have been demonstrated to play important roles during normal pregnancy[4].With the development of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technologies,researchers are devoted to providing a whole picture about the immune cellular composition and inter-cellular communication events during normal pregnancy[5,6].These foundational studies reveal that immune cell subsets,which are classified based on different markers at high resolution,exert specific function during pregnancy establishment.However,the panoramic analysis of immune subsets at high resolution in pathological pregnancy remains lacking.

The number and cytotoxicity and the expression of cytotoxicity-related molecules in peripheral natural killer(NK)cells do not predict the repeated implantation failure(RIF)for the in vitro fertilization patients

Natural killer(NK)cells are thought to play a key role in the successful establishment of a pregnancy by facilitating immunological adaptation of the semi-allogeneic developing embryo.The aim of this study was to explore the cell number,immunophenotypic characteristics,and activities of peripheral blood NK cells in women with repeated implantation failure(RIF).Peripheral blood was obtained from 27 women with RIF and 11 healthy,fertile controls during the middle luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.CD3^-CD56^+NK cells were quantified and analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of cytolytic molecules(granzyme B,granulysin,and perforin)as well as cell surface receptors responsible for NK cell activation or inhibition(NKG2D,NKp30,NKp46,CD158a,CD158b).NK cytotoxicity was measured at three effector-to-target cell ratios.Women with RIF and fertile controls did not differ significantly in the percentage of circulating CD3CD56t NK cells,or in the proportions of these cells that expressed granzyme B,granulysin,or perforin.The two groups also did not differ significantly in the proportions of NK cells expressing the receptors NKG2D,NKp30,NKp46,CD158a or CD158b.General linear model analysis showed that NK cytotoxicity increased with effector-to-target cell ratio.However,NK cytotoxicity did not differ significantly between patients with RIF and fertile controls.These results suggest that RIF is not associated with significant alterations in the number or function of peripheral blood NK cells.

CD137 costimulation enhances the antiviral activity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells against influenza virus

Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to global public health.Although strategies including vaccines and antiviral drugs have achieved great advances in controlling influenza virus infection,the efficacy of these strategies is limited by the highly frequent mutations in the viral genome and the emergence of drug-resistant strains.Our previous study indicated that boosting the immunity of human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells with the phosphoantigen pamidronate could be a therapeutic strategy to treat seasonal and avian influenza virus infections.However,one notable drawback ofγδ-T cell-based immunotherapy is the rapid exhaustion of proliferation and effector responses due to repeated treatments with phosphoantigens.Here,we found that the expression of CD137 was inducible in Vγ9Vδ2-T cells following antigenic stimulation.CD137^(+)Vγ9Vδ2-T cells displayed more potent antiviral activity against influenza virus than their CD137−counterparts in vitro and in Rag2^(-/-)γc^(-/-)mice.We further demonstrated that CD137 costimulation was essential for Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation,proliferation,survival and effector functions.In humanized mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,CD137 costimulation with a recombinant human CD137L protein boosted the therapeutic effects of pamidronate against influenza virus.Our study provides a novel strategy of targeting CD137 to improve the efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based immunotherapy.