通过调控表面石墨烯-环氧树脂复合涂层的仿生界面和取向以提高镁合金的防腐和热/电性能

通过旋涂方法制备具有“砖泥”结构的仿生石墨烯−环氧树脂复合涂层。合成咪唑基离子液体修饰的石墨烯(GI)以改善石墨烯(G)和环氧树脂之间的界面相容性。通过扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱观察和分析其表面形貌和化学结构,利用热成像仪记录表面温度变化,通过体积表面积电阻率测试仪和激光闪点法分别测定涂层的表面电阻率和导热系数,通过电化学阻抗谱和盐雾腐蚀试验表征其耐蚀性。复合涂层中的GI层呈现出近似平行的取向,从而提高热传导和静电耗散效率。穿过平面的导热系数和表面电阻率分别为0.77 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)和1.6×10^(6)Ω·cm。电化学阻抗谱测试表明,经过40 d的浸泡,涂层的低频模量达到6.76×10^(10)Ω·cm^(2),比纯环氧涂层提高约2个数量级,表现出优异的耐腐蚀性。

Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide

Monolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(TSCs)are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost,potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency.However,it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometersize pyramids.Here,we introduced a bulky organic molecule(4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide(F-PMAI))as a perovskite additive.It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F^(−)and FA^(+)and reduce(111)facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the(111)facet.Besides,the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth,which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA+and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)/I^(−).As a result,the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and(111)preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density,thereby promoting charge carrier transportation,and enhancing device performance and stability.The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05%based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction.In addition,the devices exhibit excellent longterm thermal and light stability without encapsulation.This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.

Clinical research on Tai Chi:a review of health benefits

Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.

Corrosion resistance and mechanisms of smart micro-arc oxidation/epoxy resin coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy: Strategic positioning of nanocontainers

Smart micro-arc oxidation(MAO)/epoxy resin(EP) composite coatings were formed on AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy. Mesoporous silica nanocontainers(MSN) encapsulated with sodium benzoate(SB) corrosion inhibitors were strategically incorporated in the MAO micropores and in the top EP layer. The influence of the strategic positioning of the nanocontainers on the corrosion protective performance of coating was investigated. The experimental results and analysis indicated that the superior corrosion resistance of the hybrid coating is ascribed to the protection mechanisms of the nanocontainers. This involves two phenomena:(1) the presence of the nanocontainers in the MAO micropores decreased the distance between MSN@SB and the substrate, demonstrating a low admittance value(^5.18 × 10^(-8)Ω^(-1)), and thus exhibiting significant corrosion inhibition and self-healing function;and(2) the addition of nanocontainers in the top EP layer densified the coating via sealing of the inherent defects, and hence the coating maintained higher resistance even after 90 days of immersion(1.13 × 10^(10)Ω cm^(2)).However, the possibility of corrosion inhibitors located away from the substrate transport to the substrate is reduced, reducing its effective utilization rate. This work demonstrates the importance of the positioning of nanocontainers in the coating for enhanced corrosion resistance,and thereby providing a novel perspective for the design of smart protective coatings through regulating the distribution of nanocontainers in the coatings.

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review

Human milk fat(HMF)is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants.Triacylglycerols(TAGs)account for about 98%of HMF and have a unique molecular structure.HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid(PA)at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone(more than 70%)and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position.The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth.Sn-2 palmitate(mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol)is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF.In this review,the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized,with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting.Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis,to general methods of TAG analysis,and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market.Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.

Relay Beamforming Design for Physical Layer Secure Communication via Line Search Algorithm

This paper considers a physical layer se-curity model in wireless communications.Two legit-imate users communicate through several relays with the presence of an eavesdropper.We jointly design the relay beamforming weights and minimize the to-tal relay transmit power,while ensuring users’Qual-ity of Services and preventing the information being eavesdropped at the same time.The problem is a robust optimization problem,because of the imper-fect channel state information from users and relays to the eavesdropper.First the original problem is sim-plified,where the high order robust terms are omit-ted.Then we design an iterative algorithm based on line search,by solving two Quadratically Con-strained Quadratic Programming subproblems and a one-dimensional subproblem.Simulation results indi-cate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state of the arts.

Lower Bound Limit Analysis of Anisotropic Soils

Previous approaches can only tackle anisotropic problems with cohesion varying with direction.A novel linearization of the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion associated with plane strain problem has been achieved by simulating the Mohr’s circle with orientation lines inσ-τspace,which allows for lower bound solution of soils with cohesion and friction coefficient varying with direction.The finite element lower limit analysis formulation using the modified anisotropic yield criterion is then developed.Several examples are given to illustrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure for computing rigorous lower bounds for anisotropic soils.

Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Anisotropic Soils

In this paper,a novel discretization method inσ-τspace is developed to calculate the upper bound limit loads and failure modes of anisotropic Mohr-Coulomb materials.To achieve this objective,the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is linearized inσ-τspace,which allows for upper bound solution of soils whose cohesion and friction coefficient varying with direction.The finite element upper limit analysis formulation using the modified anisotropic yield criterion is then developed.Several examples are given to illustrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure for computing rigorous upper bounds for anisotropic soils.

EBV疫苗研发新突破:gB纳米颗粒疫苗

EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)是首个被发现的人类致瘤病毒,广泛感染全球超过90%人群[1].作为世界卫生组织认定的一类致癌物,EBV与多种淋巴及上皮细胞肿瘤有密切相关性,其中包括鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤、EBV相关胃癌等,每年有超过20万新增肿瘤病例与EB病毒感染相关.此外,EBV还是传染性单核细胞增多症的直接病原体,并与一系列自身免疫性疾病如多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎等相关[2].因此,EB病毒疫苗的研发对降低EB病毒感染相关的疾病负荷具有重要意义[3].

Cyclic Gradient Methods for Unconstrained Optimization

Gradient method is popular for solving large-scale problems.In this work,the cyclic gradient methods for quadratic function minimization are extended to general smooth unconstrained optimization problems.Combining with nonmonotonic line search,we prove its global convergence.Furthermore,the proposed algorithms have sublinear convergence rate for general convex functions,and R-linear convergence rate for strongly convex problems.Numerical experiments show that the proposed methods are effective compared to the state of the arts.

Navigating Epstein–Barr virus autoimmunity:role of NK cells and T cells in multiple sclerosis

In a recent study published in Cell,Vietzen and colleagues discovered the novel role of natural killer(NK)cells and EBVspecific CD8+T cell response in controlling EBV-inducing autoimmune response and collectively defined virus and host genetics factors associated with a significantly raised risk of multiple sclerosis.

The structure of HSV-1 gB bound to a potent neutralizing antibody reveals a conservative antigenic domain across herpesviruses

Human herpesviruses(HHV),including the alpha,beta,andgamma subfamilies,are enveloped viruses with broad prevalence,establishing life-time latent infections and inducing a variety of diseases[1].Among them,herpes simplex virus(HSV),consists of two HSV-1 and HSV-2 variants,ubiquitouslyaffecting global populations[2].As an enveloped virus,HSV features a repertoire of glycoproteins such as glycoproteins D(gD),glycoproteins H(gH),glycoproteins L(gL),and glycoproteins B(gB),to orchestrate host cell recognition and infection[3,4].

Development and validation of a CT-based radiomics model for differentiating pneumonia-like primary pulmonary lymphoma from infectious pneumonia: A multicenter study

Background:Pneumonia-like primary pulmonary lymphoma(PPL)was commonly misdiagnosed as infectious pneumonia,leading to delayed treatment.The purpose of this study was to establish a computed tomography(CT)-based radiomics model to differentiate pneumonia-like PPL from infectious pneumonia.Methods:In this retrospective study,79 patients with pneumonia-like PPL and 176 patients with infectious pneumonia from 12 medical centers were enrolled.Patients from center 1 to center 7 were assigned to the training or validation cohort,and the remaining patients from other centers were used as the external test cohort.Radiomics features were extracted from CT images.A three-step procedure was applied for radiomics feature selection and radiomics signature building,including the inter-and intra-class correlation coefficients(ICCs),a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO).Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the significant clinicoradiological variables and construct a clinical factor model.Two radiologists reviewed the CT images for the external test set.Performance of the radiomics model,clinical factor model,and each radiologist were assessed by receiver operating characteristic,and area under the curve(AUC)was compared.Results:A total of 144 patients(44 with pneumonia-like PPL and 100 infectious pneumonia)were in the training cohort,38 patients(12 with pneumonia-like PPL and 26 infectious pneumonia)were in the validation cohort,and 73 patients(23 with pneumonia-like PPL and 50 infectious pneumonia)were in the external test cohort.Twenty-three radiomics features were selected to build the radiomics model,which yielded AUCs of 0.95(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.94-0.99),0.93(95%CI:0.85-0.98),and 0.94(95%CI:0.87-0.99)in the training,validation,and external test cohort,respectively.The AUCs for the two readers and clinical factor model were 0.74(95%CI:0.63-0.83),0.72(95%CI:0.62-0.82),and 0.73(95%CI:0.62-0.84)in the external test cohort,respectively.The radiomics model outperformed both the readers’interpretation and clinical factor model(P<0.05).Conclusions:The CT-based radiomics model may provide an effective and non-invasive tool to differentiate pneumonia-like PPL from infectious pneumonia,which might provide assistance for clinicians in tailoring precise therapy.

Highly stretchable,conductive,and wide-operating temperature ionogel based wearable triboelectric nanogenerator

The rapid development of wearable electronic products brings challenges to corresponding power supplies.In this work,a thermally stable and stretchable ionogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator(SI-TENG)for biomechanical energy collection is proposed.The ionic conductivity of the ionogel increased to 0.53 S·m^(−1) through optimal regulation of the amount of aminoterminated hyperbranched polyamide(NH2-HBP),which also has high strain of 812%,excellent stretch recovery,and wide operating temperature range of−80 to 250°C.The SI-TENG with this ionogel as electrode and silicone rubber both as the triboelectric layer and encapsulation layer exhibits high temperature stability,stretchability,and washability.By adding appropriate amount of nano SiO2 to triboelectric layer,the output performance is further improved by 93%.Operating in singleelectrode mode at 1.5 Hz,the outputs of a SI-TENG with an area of 3 cm×3 cm are 247 V,11.7μA,78 nC,and 3.2 W·m^(−2),respectively.It was used as a self-charging power supply to charge a 22μF capacitor to 1.6 V in 167 s with the palm patting and then to power the electronic calculator.Furthermore,the SI-TENG can also be used as a self-powered motion sensor to detect the amplitude and frequency of finger bending,human swallowing,nodding,and shaking of the head motion changes through the analysis of the output voltage.

Elucidation of the neutralizing antibody evasion of emergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages using structural analysis

Dear Editor,The continued evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has contributed to the emergence of various novel sublineages that can evade the neutralizing activities of antibodies and vaccine sera,including BA.2,BA.5,and the recently reported BQ.1,BQ.1.1,BF.7,XBB.1.

Molecular characteristics,immune evasion,and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of the virus genome.The consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact the molecular characteristics of viral proteins and display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion,transmissibility,and the clinical manifestation during infection,which differ each strain and endow them with distinguished features during populational spread.Several SARS-CoV-2 variants,identified as Variants of Concern(VOC)by the World Health Organization,challenged global efforts on COVID-19 control due to the rapid worldwide spread and enhanced immune evasion from current antibodies and vaccines.Moreover,the recent Omicron variant even exacerbated the global anxiety in the continuous pandemic.Its significant evasion from current medical treatment and disease control even highlights the necessity of combinatory investigation of the mutational pattern and influence of the mutations on viral dynamics against populational immunity,which would greatly facilitate drug and vaccine development and benefit the global public health policymaking.Hence in this review,we summarized the molecular characteristics,immune evasion,and impacts of the SARSCoV-2 variants and focused on the parallel comparison of different variants in mutational profile,transmissibility and tropism alteration,treatment effectiveness,and clinical manifestations,in order to provide a comprehensive landscape for SARS-CoV-2 variant research.

Sterilization and disinfection methods for decellularized matrix materials:Review,consideration and proposal

Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms,while disinfection is the process of killing or removing all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores.Biomaterials involved in cell experiments,animal experiments,and clinical applications need to be in the aseptic state,but their physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities can be affected by sterilization or disinfection.Decellularized matrix(dECM)is the low immunogenicity material obtained by removing cells from tissues,which retains many inherent components in tissues such as proteins and proteoglycans.But there are few studies concerning the effects of sterilization or disinfection on dECM,and the systematic introduction of sterilization or disinfection for dECM is even less.Therefore,this review systematically introduces and analyzes the mechanism,advantages,disadvantages,and applications of various sterilization and disinfection methods,discusses the factors influencing the selection of sterilization and disinfection methods,summarizes the sterilization and disinfection methods for various common dECM,and finally proposes a graphical route for selecting an appropriate sterilization or disinfection method for dECM and a technical route for validating the selected method,so as to provide the reference and basis for choosing more appropriate sterilization or disinfection methods of various dECM.

Dynamical influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on the Northern Hemisphere mesosphere during the boreal winter

This study first investigates the effect of the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)on the Northern Hemisphere(NH)mesosphere.Both observations and simulations suggest significant cooling in the NH polar mesosphere approximately 35 days after MJO phase 4(P4),which lags the MJO-induced perturbation in the upper stratosphere by 10 days.The enhanced planetary waves(PWs)propagate upward and result in wavenumber-1 pattern temperature anomalies in the mesosphere lagging MJO P4 by 25 days.The anomalous PWs also lead to the weaker eastward zonal wind in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere lagging MJO P4 by 30 days.Simultaneously,the weaker westerlies result in weaker climatological westward gravity waves(GWs)in the mesosphere due to critical-level filtering.The mesosphere meridional circulation is suppressed due to both anomalous PWs and GWs,and this suppression causes polar mesospheric cooling lagging MJO P4 by 35 days.

Parallel profiling of antigenicity alteration and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants

SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved a variety of critical mutations,leading to antigenicity changes and immune escape.The recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant attracted global attention due to its significant resistance to current antibody therapies and vaccines.

Novel 2D/2D NiCo_(2)O_(4)/ZnCo_(2)O_(4)@rGO/CNTs self-supporting composite electrode with high hydroxyl ion adsorption capacity for asymmetric supercapacitor

The energy storage device has been urgently studied and developed to meet the increasing demand for energy and sustainable development.Due to the excellent conductivity of graphene and high performance of ZnCo_(2)O_(4)and NiCo_(2)O_(4),we design a self-supporting electrode based on vertically grown twodimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)NiCo_(2)O_(4)/ZnCo_(2)O_(4)hierarchical flakes on the carbon-based conductive substrate(NiCo_(2)O_(4)/ZnCo_(2)O_(4)@graphene/carbon nanotubes,NZ@GC).The density functional theory calculations indicate that the high OH-adsorption capacity of the NiCo_(2)O_(4)/ZnCo_(2)O_(4)nanosheets can significantly enhance the electrochemical reaction activity.NZ@GC shows a high capacitance of 1128.6 F g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1).The capacitance retains 84.0%after 6000 cycles even at 10 A g^(-1).A hybrid supercapacitor is fabricated using NZ@GC and activated carbon,exhibiting a large energy density of 50.8 W h kg^(-1)at the power density of 800 W kg^(-1).After 9000 charge/discharge cycles,the supercapacitor still has 86.1%capacitance retention.The NZ@GC film has showed the potential as promising electrodes in high efficiency electrochemical energy storage devices.