Multiresolution method for bending of plates with complex shapes

A high-accuracy multiresolution method is proposed to solve mechanics problems subject to complex shapes or irregular domains.To realize this method,we design a new wavelet basis function,by which we construct a fifth-order numerical scheme for the approximation of multi-dimensional functions and their multiple integrals defined in complex domains.In the solution of differential equations,various derivatives of the unknown function are denoted as new functions.Then,the integral relations between these functions are applied in terms of wavelet approximation of multiple integrals.Therefore,the original equation with derivatives of various orders can be converted to a system of algebraic equations with discrete nodal values of the highest-order derivative.During the application of the proposed method,boundary conditions can be automatically included in the integration operations,and relevant matrices can be assured to exhibit perfect sparse patterns.As examples,we consider several second-order mathematics problems defined on regular and irregular domains and the fourth-order bending problems of plates with various shapes.By comparing the solutions obtained by the proposed method with the exact solutions,the new multiresolution method is found to have a convergence rate of fifth order.The solution accuracy of this method with only a few hundreds of nodes can be much higher than that of the finite element method(FEM)with tens of thousands of elements.In addition,because the accuracy order for direct approximation of a function using the proposed basis function is also fifth order,we may conclude that the accuracy of the proposed method is almost independent of the equation order and domain complexity.

Selection of Stable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR on Herbaceous Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) in Response to Drought Stress

Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),as a high-end cut flower in the international market,has high ornamental and medicinal values.But in Northern China,drought is a major environmental factor influencing the growth and development of P.lactiflora.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)can evaluate gene expression levels under different stress conditions,and stable internal reference is the key for qRT-PCR.At present,there is no systematic screening of internal reference for correcting gene expressions of P.lactiflora in response to drought stress.In this study,10 candidate genes[ubiquitin(UBQ2),UBQ1,elongation factor 1-α(EF-1α),Histidine(His),eukaryotic initiation factor(eIF),tubulin(TUB),actin(ACT),UBQ3,ACT2,RNA polymerase II(RNA Pol II)]were chosen,and 4 analysis methods were used to compare the stabilities for these 10 genes coping with drought stress.Due to the difference of operation methods,the results of different analysis were distinct,and the final comprehensive analysis indicated that EF-1αwas a relatively stable internal reference gene for P.lactiflora under drought stress.Also,UBQ1 and UBQ2 were the best reference gene combination according to GeNorm analysis.This study will lay a foundation for screening the key genes of P.lactiflora in response to drought stress.

中国传统绘画元素在服装图案设计中的创新研究

目的:文章探讨如何将中国传统绘画元素应用于服装图案设计中,创造出既符合当代审美需求又具有民族特色和文化内涵的服装图案。方法:采用文献研究法、案例分析法进行具体研究,从中国传统绘画元素在服装图案设计中的应用价值、应用要点、创新策略三个方面进行分析和论述。结果:在应用价值上,中国传统绘画元素在服装图案设计中具有展现中国文化魅力、创造中国风时尚、促进文化传承与发展、提升产业竞争力和影响力、促进中外文化交流与融合等多方面的作用。在应用要点上,主要包括利用中国传统绘画元素的寓意、结合中国传统绘画的技法、结合当代流行趋势和消费需求、结合跨文化交流和创新思维等。在创新策略上,主要包括对中国传统绘画元素进行适当的调整和变化、选择和搭配、对比或融合、改造或创造等。结论:富有文化内涵和艺术魅力的中国传统绘画元素,可以为服装图案设计提供灵感和素材。对其进行创新性的运用和改造,可以使服装图案设计既保留民族特色和文化韵味,又富有时尚感和市场竞争力。这对于提升中国服装产业的水平和地位以及推动中华优秀传统文化的发展和传播,具有重要的意义和价值。

小麦面筋蛋白可食膜的制备及其在调料包中的应用

以小麦面筋蛋白(WG)为成膜基料制备可食蛋白膜,以蛋白膜阻隔性能(氧气透过率)和机械性能(抗拉强度)为考核指标,采用响应面实验设计方法优化确定了最佳成膜工艺条件为:p H 11.4、蛋白添加量10.7%,、乙醇体积分数57%,.在此条件下,WG膜氧气透过率为20.74,meq/kg,抗拉强度为12.98,MPa.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TG)对WG可食膜进行观察和表征.结果表明:WG可食膜表面较光滑、致密性好,可进一步应用于模拟方便面调料包实验.经保藏45,d,油包、粉包和蔬菜包均能保持完整外观,过氧化值和酸价均未超过国家标准要求,粉包、蔬菜包中水分含量均低于文献报道.

城市供水管网漏损动态预测的Bootstrap-Lee-Carter模型

为对某城市供水片区的不同管径和管材的管道漏点率进行动态预测,考虑城市供水管网漏损时变特征,采用Bootstrap方法估计Lee-Carter参数模型。针对供水管网漏点率进行经典Lee-Carter模型预测,并通过残差等高线图及其同方差性质检验,比较分析最小二乘法和加权最小二乘法估计Lee-Carter模型参数的拟合效果;考虑供水管网漏损时变引起的模型参数不确定性扰动,利用残差Bootstrap方法抽样模拟Lee-Carter模型参数置信区间和模型改进后的供水管网漏损预测结果。结果表明:Bootstrap-Lee-Carter模型相比经典Lee-Carter模型具有更高的预测精度。

黑土区玉米秸秆土壤混料离散元模型参数标定

由于黑土区保护性耕作中关键农机部件设计优化过程中缺乏准确的离散元仿真模型参数,在一定程度上制约了机具的优化改进。以黑土区玉米秸秆土壤混料为研究对象,构建玉米秸秆土壤混料离散元仿真模型,采用物理试验与EDEM仿真试验相结合的方法,选用HertzMindlin with JKR接触模型进行离散元仿真接触参数标定。首先,采用圆筒提升的方法确定玉米秸秆土壤混料的实际堆积角,利用Design-Expert软件中PlackettBurman试验筛选出对堆积角有显著影响的参数为:土壤土壤滚动摩擦因数、土壤钢静摩擦因数、秸秆土壤滚动摩擦因数、土壤JKR表面能;进一步通过最陡爬坡试验确定4个参数的最优取值范围,根据BoxBehnken试验原理以堆积角为响应值,建立堆积角与显著参数的二次回归模型;以实际堆积角为目标,利用软件寻优功能对显著参数进行优化并得到最优参数组合:秸秆土壤滚动摩擦因数0.16、土壤土壤滚动摩擦因数0.24、土壤钢静摩擦因数0.75、土壤JKR表面能0.67 J/m^(2)。通过仿真试验对最优参数组合进行对比验证,仿真堆积角与物理试验堆积角相对误差为1.64%。研究结果表明标定的参数真实可靠,可为黑土区玉米秸秆土壤混料的离散元仿真提供理论参考。

不同年龄刺槐枝、干和根的物理力学性质对比

【目的】研究不同年龄刺槐枝、干和根的物理力学性质差异,为提升其附加价值及其资源综合利用率提供理论支持和试验依据。【方法】测定不同年龄刺槐枝、干和根的密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量4项物理力学性质,利用SEM图像和化学成分解释枝、干和根间强度差异的原因。【结果】同株刺槐气干密度枝>干>根,随年龄增大,枝、干和根密度呈增大趋势,但增大幅度减小;刺槐枝气干密度略高于中等密度,干和根气干密度属于中等密度;同株刺槐枝、干和根顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量从大到小依次为干>枝>根,随年龄增大,枝、干和根顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量呈增大趋势,但增大幅度减小。纤维素含量与力学强度呈正相关,木质素含量与力学强度呈负相关。刺槐根纤维素含量大于枝和干。【结论】10年生以上刺槐,干可作为承重木结构原木用材;枝力学强度略低于干,在满足用材尺寸要求的前提下可作为一般结构用材;根可作为小尺寸的装饰结构性用材。刺槐根纤维素含量较高,可用于中密度纤维板制作。

Studying the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface using the pullout test method

It is important to quantify the effect of the root diameter, the embedment length of the root and load speed on the soil-root interface mechanical properties for studying the root anchorage. The soilroot interface mechanical properties can be obtained through the pullout force and root slippage curve(F-S curve). About 120 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots whose diameters ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm divided into 6 groups based on different root embedment length(50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm) and different load velocity(10 mm·min^(-1), 50 mm·min^(-1), 100 mm·min^(-1) and 300 mm·min^(-1)) were investigated using the pullout method. This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface in the real conditions using the pullout test method. The results showed two kinds of pullout test failure modes during the experimental process: breakage failure and pullout failure. The results showed that the roots were easier to be broken when the root diameter was smaller or the loading speed was larger. The relationship between the maximum anchorage force and root diameter was linear and the linearly dependent coefficient(R^2) was larger than 0.85. The anchorage force increased with the root embedment length. An increase of 10%^(-1)5% for the maximumanchorage force was found when load speed increased from 10 to 300 mm.min^(-1). The mean peak slippage of the root was from 13.81 to 35.79 mm when the load velocity varied from 10 to 300 mm.min^(-1). The study will be helpful for the design of slopes reinforced by vegetation and in predicting risk of uprooting of trees, and will have practical benefits for understanding the mechanism of landslide.

Extraction of metals from complex sulfide nickel concentrates by low-temperature chlorination roasting and water leaching

The recovery of valuable metals from complex sulfide concentrates was investigated via chlorination roasting followed by water leaching. A reaction process is proposed on the basis of previous studies and the results of our preliminary experiments. During the process,various process parameters were studied,including the roasting temperature,the addition of NH_4 Cl,the roasting time,the leaching time,and the liquid-to-solid ratio. The roasted products and leach residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Under the optimum condition,95% of Ni,98% of Cu,and 88% of Co were recovered. In addition,the removal of iron was studied in the water leaching stage. The results demonstrate that this process provides an effective approach for extracting multiple metals from complex concentrates or ores.

Beam and image experiment of beam deflection electron gun for distributed X-ray sources

Distributed X-ray sources comprise a single vacuum chamber containing multiple X-ray sources that are triggered and emit X-rays at a specific time and location. This process facilitates an application for innovative system concepts in X-ray and computer tomography. This paper proposes a novel electron beam focusing, shaping,and deflection electron gun for distributed X-ray sources.The electron gun uses a dispenser cathode as an electron emitter, a mesh grid to control emission current, and two electrostatic lenses for beam shaping, focusing, and deflection. Novel focusing and deflecting electrodes were designed to increase the number of focal spots in the distributed source. Two identical half-rectangle opening electrodes are controlled by adjusting the potential of the two electrodes to control the electron beam trajectory, and then, multifocal spots are obtained on the anode target. The electron gun can increase the spatial density of the distributed X-ray sources, thereby improving the image quality. The beam experimental results show that the focal spot sizes of the deflected(deflected amplitude 10.5 mm)and non-deflected electron beams at full width at half maximum are 0.80 mm 90.50 mm and 0.55 mm 90.40 mm, respectively(anode voltage 160 kV; beam current 30 mA). The imaging experimental results demonstrate the excellent spatial resolution and time resolution of an imaging system built with the sources, which has an excellent imaging effect on a field-programmable gate array chip and a rotating metal disk.

HER-2阳性乳腺癌中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞与雄激素受体的相关性研究

目的:探讨人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)阳性乳腺癌中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)浸润水平与雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)表达的关系。方法:收集2018年3月至2018年11月天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的448例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者的临床资料。病理评估TILs浸润水平,免疫组织化学方法检测AR表达情况,分析TILs浸润水平和AR表达与临床病理学参数的关系以及TILs和AR的相关性。结果:448例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者中TILs无浸润或低浸润的患者占38.2%(171/448)、中等浸润者占42.2%(189/448)、高浸润者占19.6%(88/448),AR阳性率为62.7%(281/448)。Spearman等级相关分析显示TILs浸润水平与AR表达呈负相关(r=-0.140,P=0.003)。在雌激素受体(estrogenreceptor,ER)阳性乳腺癌中,TILs浸润水平和AR表达密切相关(P=0.009)。结论:HER-2阳性乳腺中TILs浸润水平和AR表达呈负相关,提示HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者可根据TILs的不同浸润水平与AR的表达行精准治疗。

自密实清水混凝土在装配式桥梁预制墩柱中的应用研究

对自密实清水混凝土原材料选取、配合比设计、试配调整及中试等环节进行了试验,分析了自密实清水混凝土构件表观效果影响因素,对比了不同种类脱模剂的表观效果,最终成型的装配式桥梁预制墩柱各方面性能均满足设计要求,并成功应用于成都市三环路羊犀立交扩能改造项目。

Traditional Chinese Medicine Automated Diagnosis Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning

Syndrome differentiation is the core diagnosis method of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).We propose a method that simulates syndrome differentiation through deductive reasoning on a knowledge graph to achieve automated diagnosis in TCM.We analyze the reasoning path patterns from symptom to syndromes on the knowledge graph.There are two kinds of path patterns in the knowledge graph:one-hop and two-hop.The one-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes immediately.The two-hop path pattern maps the symptom to syndromes through the nature of disease,etiology,and pathomechanism to support the diagnostic reasoning.Considering the different support strengths for the knowledge paths in reasoning,we design a dynamic weight mechanism.We utilize Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF to implement the reasoning method and the weighted score calculation.The proposed method reasons the syndrome results by calculating the possibility according to the weighted score of the path in the knowledge graph based on the reasoning path patterns.We evaluate the method with clinical records and clinical practice in hospitals.The preliminary results suggest that the method achieves high performance and can help TCM doctors make better diagnosis decisions in practice.Meanwhile,the method is robust and explainable under the guide of the knowledge graph.It could help TCM physicians,especially primary physicians in rural areas,and provide clinical decision support in clinical practice.

A particle-linkage model for non-axisymmetric elongated asteroids

This paper investigates a simplified model for describing the gravitational fields of nonaxisymmetric elongated asteroids. The connection between the simplified model and the target asteroid is built by considering the positions of equilibrium points. To improve the performance of position matching for the equilibrium points associated with these non-axisymmetric asteroids, a nonaxisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model is proposed based on two existing axisymmetric particlelinkage models. The unknown parameters of the simplified model are determined by minimizing the matching error using the nonlinear optimization method. The proposed simplified model is applied for three realistic elongated asteroids, 243 Ida, 433 Eros and(8567) 1996 HW1. The simulation results verify that the current particle-linkage model has better matching accuracy than the two existing particle-linkage models. The comparison, between the simplified model and the polyhedral model, on the topological cases of the equilibrium points and the distribution of gravitational potential further validate the rationality and accuracy of the simplified model.

Coiflet solution of strongly nonlinear p-Laplacian equations

A new boundary extension technique based on the Lagrange interpolating polynomial is proposed and used to solve the function approximation defined on an interval by a series of scaling Coiflet functions, where the coefficients are used as the single-point samplings. The obtained approximation formula can exactly represent any polynomials defined on the interval with the order up to one third of the length of the compact support of the adopted Coiflet function. Based on the Galerkin method, a Coiflet-based solution procedure is established for general two-dimensional p-Laplacian equations, following which the equations can be discretized into a concise matrix form.As examples of applications, the proposed modified wavelet Galerkin method is applied to three typical p-Laplacian equations with strong nonlinearity. The numerical results justify the efficiency and accuracy of the method.

Crotalaria ferruginea extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Crotalaria ferruginea extract(CFE)and its mechanism.Methods:An intratracheal lipopolysaccharide(LPS)instillationinduced acute lung injury(ALI)model was used to study the antiinflammatory activity of CFE in vivo.The LPS-induced shock model was used to analyze the effect of CFE on survival.LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vitro and the effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)or nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Results:CFE administration decreased the number of inflammatory cells,reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interferon-γ,and diminished protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice.CFE also reduced lung wet-to-dry weight ratio,myeloperoxidase,and lung tissue pathological injury.CFE preadministration improved the survival rate of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS.CFE reduced LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide,TNF-α,MCP-1,and IL-6.Furthermore,CFE inhibited nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65,extracellular signal-regulated kinase,c-Jun N-terminal kinases,and P38 MAPKs.Conclusions:CFE exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced ALI mice,LPS-shock mice,and RAW264.7 cells,and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.Crotalaria ferruginea may be a useful therapeutic drug for the treatment of ALI and other respiratory inflammations.

A reusable planar triggered spark-gap switch batched-fabricated with PCB technology for medium- and low-voltage pulse power systems

Triggered spark-gap switch is a popular discharge switch for pulse power systems.Previous studies have focused on planarizing this switch using thin film techniques in order to meet the requirements of compact size in the systems.Such switches are one-shot due to electrodes being too thin to sufficiently resist spark-erosion.Additionally,these switches did not employ any structures in securing internal gas composition,resulting in inconsistent performance under harsh atmospheres.In this work,a novel planar triggered spark-gap switch(PTS)with a hermetically sealed cavity was batched-prepared with printed circuit board(PCB)technology,to achieve reusability with low cost.The proposed PTS was inspected by micro-computed tomography to ensure PCB techniques meet the requirements of machining precision.The results from electrical experiments demonstrated that PCB PTS were consistent and reusable with lifespan over 20 times.The calculated switch voltage and circuit current were consistent with those derived from real-world measurements.Finally,PCB PTS was used to introduce hexanitrostilbene(HNS)pellets in a pulse power system to verify its performance.

An Approach for Quantifying the Influence of Seepage Dissolution on Seismic Performance of Concrete Dams

Many concrete dams seriously suffer from long-term seepage dissolution,and the induced mechanical property deterioration of concrete may significantly affect the structural performance,especially the seismic safety.An approach is presented in this paper to quantify the influence of seepage dissolution on seismic performance of concrete dams.To connect laboratory test with numerical simulation,dissolution tests are conducted for concrete specimens and using the cumulative relative leached calcium as an aging index,a deterioration model is established to predict the mechanical property of leached concrete in the first step.A coupled seepage-calcium dissolutionmigrationmodel containing two calculation modes is proposed to simulate the spatially non-uniformdeterioration of concrete dams.Based on the simulated state of a roller compacted concrete dam subjected to 100 years of seepage dissolution,seismic responses of the damare subsequently analyzed.During which the nonlinear cracking of concrete,the radiation damping of the far-field foundation is considered.Research results show that seepage dissolution will seriously weaken the seismic safety of concrete dams because of the dissolution-induced decrease of effective thickness of the dam body.The upstream surface,dam toe and gallery wall suffer from a large degree of dissolution,whereas it is minimal and basically the same inside the dam body,at a degree of 0.19%within 100 years.The horizontal displacements of dam crest under the design static load and fortification against earthquake increase by 6.9%and 21.9%,respectively,and the dissolution-induced seismic cracking leads to the failure of dam anti-seepage system.This study can provide engineers with a reference basis for reinforcement decision of old concrete dams.

脑神经电化学研究

大脑是认知、情感等神经活动的物质基础。脑内神经元通过化学信号及电信号相互连接,共同构成动态而复杂的神经信号网络,实现各项神经活动。因此,对于脑神经化学分子的分析与检测有助于揭示神经生理、病理过程中的分子机制,进而发展神经系统疾病的精准诊断及治疗手段。随着各学科的融合与发展,已有多种分析技术在不同层次实现神经分子的检测。其中,电化学分析方法具有高灵敏、高时空分辨等优势,有望在活体层次上精准描述特定神经分子在神经生理或病理过程中的动态变化。本文围绕选择性以及生理兼容性两大关键问题展开,以本课题组最新研究进展为例,系统阐述了电极界面的构筑原则以及电位型检测方法的独特优势,着重介绍了抗坏血酸在神经生理和病理过程中的动态变化规律,并对脑神经电化学分析领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Alteration in gene expression profile and oncogenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by RIZ1 upregulation

AIM:To investigate the effect of retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1(RIZ1)upregulation in gene expression profile and oncogenicity of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cell line TE13.METHODS:TE13 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)/RIZ1 and pcDNA3.1(+).Changes in gene expression profile were screened and the microarray results were confirmed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Nude mice were inoculated with TE13 cells to establish ESCC xenografts.After two weeks,the inoculated mice were randomly divided into three groups.Tumors were injected with normal saline,transfection reagent pcDNA3.1(+)and transfection reagent pcDNA3.1(+)/RIZ1,respectively.Tumor development was quantified,and changes in gene expression of RIZ1 transfected tumors were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:DNA microarray data showed that RIZ1transfection induced widespread changes in gene expression profile of cell line TE13,with 960 genes upregulated and 1163 downregulated.Treatment of tumor xenografts with RIZ1 recombinant plasmid significantly inhibited tumor growth,decreased tumor size,and increased expression of RIZ1 mRNA compared to control groups.The changes in gene expression profile were also observed in vivo after RIZ1 transfection.Most of the differentially expressed genes were associated with cell development,supervision of viral replication,lymphocyte costimulatory and immune system development in esophageal cells.RIZ1 gene may be involved in multiple cancer pathways,such as cytokine receptor interaction and transforming growth factor beta signaling.CONCLUSION:The development and progression of esophageal cancer are related to the inactivation of RIZ1.Virus infection may also be an important factor.