The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope Project

The Jiao Tong University Spectroscopic Telescope(JUST)is a 4.4-meter f/6.0 segmented-mirror telescope dedicated to spectroscopic observations.The JUST primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments,each with a diameter of 1.1 m.JUST provides two Nasmyth platforms for placing science instruments.One Nasmyth focus fits a field of view of 10′and the other has an extended field of view of 1.2°with correction optics.A tertiary mirror is used to switch between the two Nasmyth foci.JUST will be installed at a site at Lenghu in Qinghai Province,China,and will conduct spectroscopic observations with three types of instruments to explore the dark universe,trace the dynamic universe,and search for exoplanets:(1)a multi-fiber(2000 fibers)medium-resolution spectrometer(R=4000-5000)to spectroscopically map galaxies and large-scale structure;(2)an integral field unit(IFU)array of 500 optical fibers and/or a long-slit spectrograph dedicated to fast follow-ups of transient sources for multi-messenger astronomy;(3)a high-resolution spectrometer(R~100000)designed to identify Jupiter analogs and Earth-like planets,with the capability to characterize the atmospheres of hot exoplanets.

All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system coupled with thin-film solid electrolyte as a novel high-energy micro-battery has enormous potential for complementing embedded energy harvesters to enable the autonomy of the Internet of Things microdevice.However,the volatility in high vacuum and intrinsic sluggish kinetics of S hinder researchers from empirically integrating it into allsolid-state thin-film batteries,leading to inexperience in fabricating all-solid-state thin-film Li-S batteries(TFLSBs).Herein,for the first time,TFLSBs have been successfully constructed by stacking vertical graphene nanosheets-Li2S(VGsLi2S)composite thin-film cathode,lithium-phosphorous-oxynitride(LiPON)thin-film solid electrolyte,and Li metal anode.Fundamentally eliminating Lipolysulfide shuttle effect and maintaining a stable VGs-Li2S/LiPON interface upon prolonged cycles have been well identified by employing the solid-state Li-S system with an“unlimited Li”reservoir,which exhibits excellent longterm cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81%for 3,000 cycles,and an exceptional high temperature tolerance up to 60℃.More impressively,VGs-Li2S-based TFLSBs with evaporated-Li thin-film anode also demonstrate outstanding cycling performance over 500 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.71%.Collectively,this study presents a new development strategy for secure and high-performance rechargeable all-solid-state thin-film batteries.

Constraints on water activity at the Zhurong landing site in Utopia Planitia,Mars

Mineralogical evidence of water–rock interactions is a strong indicator of the presence of liquid water on ancient Mars.Previous observations have found widely distributed hydrated minerals in the southern highlands,whereas such discoveries have been rare in the younger northern lowlands.China’s first Mars exploration mission successfully landed a rover(Zhurong)in southern Utopia Planitia,providing an opportunity to analyze the exposed rocks in the northern lowlands.Using data from the short-wave infrared(SWIR)spectrometer and the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer(LIBS)onboard the Zhurong rover,we found evidence for the widespread presence of hydrated minerals(probably sulfates or silica)around the landing site.The basaltic-like elemental compositions of the targeted samples further indicated that hydrated minerals are likely minor components.The results from Zhurong suggest that active aqueous activities occurred during the overall cold and dry Amazonian era on Mars.However,further evaluations are needed on the duration and scale of these activities.

Different Concentrations of Notoginsenoside Rg1 Attenuate Hypoxic and Hypercapnia Pulmonary Hypertension by Reducing the Expression of ERK in Rat PASMCs

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease which is characterized by increased vascular resistance and pressure. We have previously hypothesized that panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) might attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction under hypoxia and hypercapnia condition. This study aims to investigate the effect of notoginsenoside Rg1, a main ingredient of PNS, with various concentrations (8, 40, 100 mg/L, respectively) on extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In addition, PASMCs were randomly divided into six groups: SD rat under normoxic condition as control group (N group), hypoxia hypercapnia group (H group), DMSO control group (HD group), Rg1-treatment groups (RgLRgM and RgH group). Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to test the expression of p-ERK protein and the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA. This study provided the evidence that the expression of p-ERK protein and the expression of ERK1 mRNA and ERK2 mRNA in HD group and H group were obviously higher than that in N group (P < 0.01), Whereas the level of ERK1/2 mRNA in Rg1-treatment groups was significantly lower than that in HD group and H group (P < 0.01), and the proper concentration of Rg1 is 40 mg/L. These results suggested that notoginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction which may lead to HHPV through reducing the expression of ERK1/2.

Effect of Ligusticum Chuanxiong on Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats and Its Mechanism

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Chuanxiong in alleviating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats by inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling. Methods: Thirty healthy and clean male SD rats weighing (180 - 220) g were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): normoxia group (n), hypoxia group (H) and Chuanxiong group (L). Group N was fed in normoxic environment, and the other two groups were fed in hypoxic (9% 11% O2) environment for 4 weeks, 8 h/D, 6 days a week. Rats in group L were gavaged with Ligusticum chuanxiong solution diluted with normal saline at the concentration of 300 mg/kg, and rats in group H were gavaged with equal volume of normal saline. After 4 weeks, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was measured. After pulmonary perfusion, the right ventricular free wall and left ventricle plus ventricular septum were taken to measure the right ventricular hypertrophy index. The changes of pulmonary morphology and ultrastructure were observed under light microscope. Results: Compared with group n, the average pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index in the other two groups increased, and the thickening of pulmonary vascular wall was obvious under microscope (P Conclusion: Ligusticum chuanxiong can relieve pulmonary artery pressure in rats by inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications

Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations.Recently,the development of electronic skin(E-skin)for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems,advanced robotics,artificial intelligence,and human-machine interfaces.Tactile sense is one of the most important senses of human skin that has attracted special attention.The ability to obtain unique functions using diverse assembly processible methods has rapidly advanced the use of graphene,the most celebrated two-dimensional material,in electronic tactile sensing devices.With a special emphasis on the works achieved since 2016,this review begins with the assembly and modification of graphene materials and then critically and comprehensively summarizes the most advanced material assembly methods,device construction technologies and signal characterization approaches in pressure and strain detection based on graphene and its derivative materials.This review emphasizes on:(1)the underlying working principles of these types of sensors and the unique roles and advantages of graphene materials;(2)state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing,including representative examples;and(3)perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications.A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.

Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat Induced by Chronic Hypoxia and Hypercapnia

Objective: To observe the pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia and hypercapnia, and to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary hypertension. Methods: 1) 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normoxic control group (N), hypoxia hypercapnia group (HH), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid group (4-PBA), ERS pathway agonist tunicamycin group (TM). 2) The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RV/(LV + S)) were measured in each group. 3) Identification of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in each group by immunofluorescence α-SMA. 4) Morphological changes of lung tissue and pulmonary artery were observed by electron microscope. 5) The apoptotic index of PASMCs in each group was detected by TUNEL. 6) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB) were used to detect the expression of ERS related protein and mRNA (GRP78, CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12) in each group. Results: 1) Compared with the N group, the mPAP, RV/(LV + S) and vascular wall area (WA)/total area (TA) value of HH group, 4-PBA group and TM group were increased (P < 0.01), and the vascular lumen area (LA)/TA values, PASMCs apoptosis index were significantly decreased. GRP78, CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12 expression were increased, and the differences were statistically significant. 2) Compared with the HH group, the mPAP, RV/(LV + S) and WA/TA of 4-PBA group were decreased (P < 0.01);the LA/TA value and PASMCs apoptosis index were increased (P < 0.05);and the mRNA and protein expression of CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12 and GRP78 had a significant decrease (P < 0.05). 3) Compared with the HH, the mPAP, RV/(LV + S) and WA/TA of TM group were increased (P P P < 0.01);and? PASMCs apoptotic index was increased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Caspase-12, CHOP, JNK and GRP78 was increased to varying degrees (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of Caspase-12, CHOP and JNK was also increased significantly (P Conclusion: Hypoxia and hypercapnia induced pulmonary vascular remodeling may be related to the proliferation of PASMCs, and ERS related factors (JNK, Caspase12 and CHOP) are involved in the regulation of hypoxic hypercapnia.

Biological traits and life history of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a weevil pest on camphor trees in China

Cinnamomum camphora(L.)J.Presl.(Laurales:Lauraceae)is widely cultivated as an important landscape tree species in many urban areas in South China,especially in Shanghai City.Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto has become a destructive insect pest of C.camphora plantations in Shanghai,but the biological and ecological traits of this pest remain largely unknown.In this study,we investigated the damage and life history and determined the larval instar of P.tsushimanus.The results indicated that P.tsushimanus is a monophagous weevil pest,and C.camphora is the unique host tree species.C.camphora plantations in all administrative districts of Shanghai have been seriously damaged by P.tsushimanus.Adults often aggregate for feeding on the tender bark of twigs and occasionally on newly emerged buds.After experiencing damage,the twigs shrink and crack and the buds will shrink.Adults tend to repeatedly mate and oviposit,and all females lay single eggs at a time.Eggs will be covered with a mixture of secretions and wood chips by female adults.Larvae(1 st-2 nd instar)feed on the phloem,while 3 rd-5 th instar can bore into the phloem and the cambium.Massive tunnels,including three shapes(inverted"L",inverted"T",and inverted"Z"),were observed in the trunk of each tree,and resulted in swelling of the outer bark.P.tsushimanus has one life cycle per year in Shanghai.Both adults and larvae(3 rd-5 th instar)overwinter from early November to early April.Adults overwinter in grooves on the underside of branches or at branch nodes,and larvae overwinter in tunnels.Five larval instars of P.tsushimanus were determined according to Dyar’s and Crosby’s rules.The biological traits and life history of P.tsushimanus have been identified and can provide guidance in terms of pest control and plantation management.

Experimental Evaluation of Flexural Behavior of Stress Laminated Timber Decks

Stress laminated timber(SLT)deck is assembled using timber(umber or glulam)components placed side by side and stressed together,which has the advantages of easy prefabrication and good cost performance.This work pre-sented an experimental investigation of bending tests per formed on SLT slabs.Several parameters,including pre-stress levels,distance of pre-stressing bars,and the existence of self tapping screw(STS)reinforcement,were taken into consideration.To reinforce the compressive property of timber perpendicular to the grain,the STSs were placed under the anchor plate of the pre-stressed bars.The experimental results were analyzed and discussed in terms of failure modes,ultimate bearing capacity,ultimate strain,and bending sifness.It was found that the SLT slab showed satisfactory composite action as well as resid ual bearing capacity.The pre stress levels showed an obvious effect on the load bearing capacity and relatively slight effect on the bending stiffness.

Notoginsenoside R₁Attenuates Hypoxia and Hypercapnia-Induced Vasoconstriction <i>In Vitro</i>by Reducing the Expression of p38

Notoginsenoside R1, the main active ingredient of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), has been proposed to play fatal roles in the development of hypoxic hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HHPV). Subsequently, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) lead to pulmonary vascular system remodeling and chronic pulmonary disease in the development of HHPV. Despite considerable studies have contributed to pulmonary disease, the mechanism of how Notoginsenoside R1 affects HHPV remains unclear. In this view, we will discuss the effect of notoginsenoside R1 by investigating the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway in PASMCs under hypoxia and hypercapnia condition. The third order PASMCs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with various concentrations (8, 40, 100 mg/L, respectively) of Notoginsenoside R1. Our data showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of p-38 MAPK were higher in hypoxic hypercapnia group compared with hypoxic DMSO and normoxia control groups (p 1 treatment groups, the level of p-p38 MAPK protein and p38 MAPK mRNA were significantly decreased with different degrees (p 1 treatment may contribute to attenuate HHPV via decreasing the protein and mRNA expression levels of p-38 MAPK.

Ultrasonic Microwave Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Sipunculus nudus

[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize experimental conditions for extraction of polysaccharides from Sipunculus nudus.[Methods]With the Sipunculus nudus from Sanya as the experimental material,S.nudus polysaccharide was extracted by ultrasonic microwave assisted method,during which univariate factors including solid-liquid ratio,time,temperature,ultrasonic power,microwave power were investigated,to select optimal extracting conditions,which were also demonstrated and optimized by variance and response surface analysis.The optimized conditions were adopted to carry out a test,in which the absorbance of S.nudus polysaccharide was measured with an ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer,followed by the calculation of the extracting amount of polysaccharide,and precision test and recovery test were also carried out to verify the experimental method.[Results]The standard solutions were determined at the maximum absorption wavelength of 486 nm,and the regression equation was A = 0.2677 C + 0.001 8,R^2= 0.999 8.Solid-liquid ratio,time,temperature,ultrasonic power and microwave power were investigated by univariate analysis and then optimized by response surface method as follows: solid-liquid ratio at 1:20( g/ml),time of 35 min,temperature at 50 ℃,ultrasonic power at 420 W and microwave power at 300 W,under which the measured extracting amount of S.nudus polysaccharide was1.37 mg/g.The RSD was 0.985% in precision experiment.In the repeatability test,the extracting amounts of polysaccharide were 1.41,1.43 and 1.38 mg/g for three parallel tests,respectively,with a RSD of 1.140%.The recovery test obtained following results: for group a( added with glucose standard) : the recovery of S.nudus polysaccharide was in the range of 100.3%-101.4%,RSD = 0.03%; and for group b( not added with glucose standard) : the recovery of S.nudus polysaccharide was in the range of 99.7%-100.3%,RSD = 0.02%.[Conclusions]The research method is stable and reliable.This study provides data basis and reference for follow-up study on S.nudus.

Polyoxometalate-loaded Nanocellulose Sponge as a Novel Catalyst for the Regioselective Hydroboration of Phenylacetylene

In this work,an amino-modified cellulose nanofiber sponge was prepared and used as a support for polyoxometalate(POM)catalysts with a high loading efficiency.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that an Anderson-type POM,(NH4)4[CuMo6O18(OH)6]·5H2O was successfully immobilized on the sponge based on electrostatic interactions.Morphological analysis indicated that the POM-loaded sponge retained its porous structure and that the POM was homogeneously distributed on the sponge walls.The POM-loaded sponge exhibited excellent mechanical properties by recovering 79.9%of its original thickness following a 60%compression strain.The POM-loaded sponge was found to effectively catalyze the hydroboration of phenylacetylenes,yielding excellent conversion and regioselectivity of up to 96%and 99%,respectively.Its catalytic activity remained unchanged after five reuse cycles.These findings represent a scalable strategy for immobilizing POMs on porous supports.

用于微电池的超高功率密度铁氧硫化物薄膜

作为微电池的核心指标之一,面积功率密度决定了微电池与应用于物联网的微电子器件集成时所需的面积.目前,由于微电子器件尺寸有限,微电池的实际应用受到低面积功率密度的限制.本文研究发现,经过原位等离子体预处理衬底后,溅射的铁氧硫化物薄膜(FeOxSy)具备超高功率特性.这种原位等离子体预处理可作为一种通用的界面优化策略来抑制长循环过程中的机械衰变.该正极薄膜展现出极高的功率密度和稳定的循环性能,这是由其高度的结构完整性(强大的界面粘附性和应力释放的岛)、完美的电化学可逆性以及近表面电荷交换(赝电容锂存储机制)的协同作用导致的.预处理的FeOxSy薄膜可以输出高达14.6 mW cm-2的功率密度和291μW h cm^(-2)μm^(-1)的体积能量密度.制备得到的正极薄膜的功率密度优于已报道的具有相当面积容量的溅射薄膜.本工作提出了一种简单且高效的预处理方法来制备具有超高功率密度且稳定的微电池薄膜电极.

Field effect transistor-based tactile sensors: From sensor configurations to advanced applications

The past several decades have witnessed great progress in high-performance field effect transistors(FET)as one of the most important electronic compo-nents.At the same time,due to their intrinsic advantages,such as multiparameter accessibility,excellent electric signal amplification function,and ease of large-scale manufacturing,FET as tactile sensors for flexible wear-able devices,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,and other fields to per-ceive external stimuli has also attracted great attention and become a significant field of general concern.More importantly,FET has a unique three-terminal structure,which enables its different components to detect external mechanics through different sensing mechanisms.On one hand,it provides an important platform to shed deep insights into the underlying mechanisms of the tactile sensors.On the other hand,these properties could in turn endow excellent components for the construction of tactile matrix sensor arrays with high quality.With special emphasis on the configuration of FETs,this review classified and summarized structure-optimized FET tactile sensors with gate,dielectric layer,semiconductor layer,and source/drain electrodes as sensing active components,respectively.The working principles and the state-of-the-art protocols in terms of high-performance tactile sensors are detail discussed and highlighted,the innovative pixel distribution and integration analysis of the transistor sensor matrix array concerning flexible electronics are also intro-duced.We hope that the introduction of this review can provide some inspiration for future researchers to design and fabricate high-performance FET-based tactile sensor chips for flexible electronics and other fields.

WSe2 2D p-type semiconductor-based electronic devices for information technology:Design,preparation,and applications

The pioneering exfoliation of monolayer tungsten diselenide has greatly inspired researchers toward semiconducting applications.WSe2 belongs to a family of transition-metal dichalcogenides.Similar to graphene,WSe2 and analogous dichalcogenides have layered structures with weak van der Waals interactions between two adjacent layers.First,the readers are presented with the fundamentals of WSe2,such as types,morphologies,and properties.Here,we report the characterization principles and practices such as microscopy,spectroscopy,and diffraction.Second,the methods for obtaining high-quality WSe2,such as exfoliation,hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition,are briefly listed.With advantages of light weight,flexibility,and high quantum efficiency,2D materials may have a niche in optoelectronics as building blocks in p-n junctions.Therefore,we introduce a state-of-the-art demonstration of heterostructure devices employing the p-type WSe2 semiconductor.The device architectures include field-effect transistors,photodetectors,gas sensors,and photovoltaic solar cells.Due to its unique electronic,optical,and energy band properties,WSe2 has been increasingly investigated due to the conductivity of the p-type charge carrier upon palladium contact.Eventually,the dynamic research on WSe2 and van der Waals heterostructures is summarized to arouse the passion of the 2D research community.

Ultrasensitive and stable all graphene field-effect transistor-based Hg^(2+)sensor constructed by using different covalently bonded RGO films assembled by different conjugate linking molecules

As"molecular bridge,"coupling agents can not only realize the covalent connection of composites,but also affect their properties,thus affecting the properties of devices based on them.Herein,leveraging differences in charge conduction properties of the(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine caused by conjugacy structural differences,two kinds of layerby-layer assembled smart carbon materials with different electrical properties are obtained at the same reduction temperature.The two graphene ultrathin films are then“planted”on Si/SiO2 substrates,respectively,as semiconductor layer and source/drain electrodes to fabricate an ultra-stable all-graphene field effect transistor(AG-FET).Enabled by the covalent functionalized configuration and the functionally diverse of coupling agents,the AG-FET obtained by this simple method won the high electrical characteristics,the hole,electron mobility,and the shelflife could reach 3.79 cm2/(V·s),3.78 cm2/(V·s),and 18months,respectively.In addition,good material stability and excellent device structure endow the device exceptional stability,electrical stability,and solvent resistance,improving its application prospect in solution phase sensing/detection.Such characteristics could be used to sense,transduce,and respond to external stimuli,especially in solution phase to monitor the important analytes,such as Hg^(2+)in a flowing sewage environment.We believe that such easy-to-manufacture AG-FETs with ultrahigh performance and ultrahigh stability could also show great application prospects in other significant fields.

Highly responsive biosensors based on organic field-effect transistors under light irradiation

High responsivity and sensitivity play essential roles in the development of organic field-effect transistors(OFETs)-based biosensors with regard to biological detections,particularly for disease diagnosis.Nonetheless,how to design a biosensor which improves these two outstanding properties while achieving low cost,easy processing,and time saving is a daunting challenge.Herein,a novel biosensor based on OFET with copolymer thin film,whose surface is illuminated with a suitable light beam is reported.This film can be used as both an organic semiconductor material and as a photoelectric active material.Due to amplification of signals as a result of the film’s strong response to light,the biosensor possesses higher responsivity and sensitivity compared to dark condition and even realizes a maximum responsivity of up to 10^(3)for alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)detection.The simple combination of light and transistor builds a bridge between photoelectric effect and biological system.In addition,the emergence of more excellent photoelectric active materials is expected to pave a way for ultrasensitive bio-chemical diagnostic tools.