Comprehensive and deep profiling of the plasma proteome with protein corona on zeolite NaY

Proteomic characterization of plasma is critical for the development of novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers.However,the vast dynamic range renders the profiling of proteomes extremely challenging.Here,we synthesized zeolite NaY and developed a simple and rapid method to achieve comprehensive and deep profiling of the plasma proteome using the plasma protein corona formed on zeolite NaY.Specifically,zeolite NaY and plasma were co-incubated to form plasma protein corona on zeolite NaY(NaY-PPC),followed by conventional protein identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.NaY was able to significantly enhance the detection of low-abundance plasma proteins,minimizing the“masking”effect caused by high-abundance proteins.The relative abundance of middleand low-abundance proteins increased substantially from 2.54%to 54.41%,and the top 20 highabundance proteins decreased from 83.63%to 25.77%.Notably,our method can quantify approximately 4000 plasma proteins with sensitivity up to pg/mL,compared to only about 600 proteins identified from untreated plasma samples.A pilot study based on plasma samples from 30 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 15 healthy subjects demonstrated that our method could successfully distinguish between healthy and disease states.In summary,this work provides an advantageous tool for the exploration of plasma proteomics and its translational applications.

Expression of IL-34 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Tissues and Its Relationship with Apoptosis

[Objectives]To explore the expression of interleukin 34(IL-34)in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and its relationship with apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells.[Methods]60 cases of surgically resected human gastric adenocarcinoma tissue specimen and 50 cases of adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissue specimen were collected,and the expression of IL-34 protein was determined by immunohistochemical streptavidin-perosidase(SP)method.Cell apoptosis in tissue specimen was detected by TUNEL staining method,and the relationship between IL-34 protein expression and apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells was analyzed.[Results]Immunohistochemical SP experiment indicated that the expression of IL-34 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma was higher than that in adjacent normal gastric mucosa(P<0.05);its positive expression was related to histological differentiation,TNM stage,invasion depth,and lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma(P<0.05),but not to gender and age(P>0.05).TUNEL experiment showed that compared with the adjacent normal gastric mucosa group,the apoptosis index(AI)of gastric adenocarcinoma group was significantly lower(P<0.05);the AI was related to histological differentiation,TNM stage,tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma(P<0.05),but not to gender and age(P>0.05).In gastric adenocarcinoma,the AI of IL-34 positive expression group was lower than that of IL-34 negative expression group,and the results were statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]IL-34 has high expression in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and is negatively correlated with cancer cell apoptosis.Abnormal expression of IL-34 is involved in the occurrence and development of gastric adenocarcinoma.This provides a new idea for the pathogenesis research and clinical treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Monte Carlo simulation based thinning and calculating method for noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near-infrared spectroscopy

Previous results show that the floating reference theory(FRT)is an effective tool to reduce the infuence of interference factors on noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near infrared spectros-copy(NIRS).It is the key to measure the floating reference point(FRP)precisely for the application of FRT.Monte Carlo(MC)simulation has been introduced to quantitatively in-vestigate the effects of positioning errors and light source drifts on measuring FRP.In this article,thinning and calculating method(TCM)is proposed to quantify the positioning error.Mean-while,the normalization process(NP)is developed to significantly reduce the error induced by light source drift.The results according to TCM show that 7 purm deviations in positioning can generate about 10.63%relative error in FRP.It is more noticeable that 1%fluctuation in light source intensity may lead to 12.21%relative errors.Gratifyingly,the proposed NP model can effectively reduce the error caused by light source drift.Therefore,the measurement system for FRPs must meet that the positioning error is less than 7 purm,and the light source drift is kept within 1%.Furthermore,an improvement for measurement system is proposed in order to take advantage of the NP model.

Advances in the Study of IL-34 and DAD1 in Gastric Cancer

Interleukin-34(IL-34),an extremely important pro-inflammatory cytokine,participates in the regulation of related signal pathways in tumors,thereby mediating the proliferation and migration of tumor cells and affecting the prognosis of patients.DAD1,an anti-apoptotic factor,is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is expected to become a tumor marker.The research on the function and mechanism of IL-34 and DAD1 is of great significance for the exploration of molecular targeted therapy.In this study,the regulatory functions of IL-34 and DAD1 in malignant tumors,the mechanisms of IL-34 and DAD1 involved in tumor invasion and immunity,and their expression in several tumors are briefly reviewed.

Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network for Single Image Super-Resolution

Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)technology aims to reconstruct a clear,high-resolution image with more information from an input low-resolution image that is blurry and contains less information.This technology has significant research value and is widely used in fields such as medical imaging,satellite image processing,and security surveillance.Despite significant progress in existing research,challenges remain in reconstructing clear and complex texture details,with issues such as edge blurring and artifacts still present.The visual perception effect still needs further enhancement.Therefore,this study proposes a Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network(PSCAN)for the SISR task.Thismethod designs a convolutional backbone network composed of Pyramid Separable Channel Attention blocks to effectively extract and fuse multi-scale features.This expands the model’s receptive field,reduces resolution loss,and enhances the model’s ability to reconstruct texture details.Additionally,an innovative artifact loss function is designed to better distinguish between artifacts and real edge details,reducing artifacts in the reconstructed images.We conducted comprehensive ablation and comparative experiments on the Arabidopsis root image dataset and several public datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed PSCAN method achieves the best-known performance in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics,with improvements of 0.84 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and 0.017 in Structural Similarity Index(SSIM).This demonstrates that the method can effectively preserve high-frequency texture details,reduce artifacts,and have good generalization performance.

全氧化镓薄膜同质p-n结

制备p-n结以及探索其物理机制在发展各种功能器件和推进其实际应用中起到关键作用.超宽禁带半导体在制备高压高频器件上有着巨大的潜力,但是氧化镓p型掺杂困难限制了氧化镓同质p-n结的制备,进而阻碍了全氧化镓基双极型器件的发展.本文通过一种先进的相转变生长技术结合溅射镀膜的方法,成功制备了n型锡掺杂β相氧化镓/p型氮掺杂β相氧化镓薄膜.本工作成功制作了全氧化镓单边突变同质p-n结二极管,并且详细分析了器件机理.该二极管实现了4×10^(4)的整流比、在40 V下9.18 mΩcm^(2)的低导通电阻、4.41 V的内建电势和1.78的理想因子,并在交流电压下表现出没有过冲的整流特性以及长期稳定性.本工作为氧化镓同质p-n结初窥门径,为氧化镓同质双极型器件奠定了基础,为高压高功率器件的应用开创了道路.

Strong electron–phonon coupling influences carrier transport and thermoelectric performances in group-IV/V elemental monolayers

The interactions between electrons and phonons play the key role in determining the carrier transport properties in semiconductors.In this work,comprehensive investigations on full electron–phonon(el–ph)couplings and their influences on carrier mobility and thermoelectric(TE)performances of 2D group IV and V elemental monolayers are performed,and we also analyze the selection rules on el–ph couplings using group theory.For shallow n/p-dopings in Si,Ge,and Sn,ZA/TA/LO phonon modes dominate the intervalley scatterings.Similarly strong intervalley scatterings via ZA/TO phonon modes can be identified for CBM electrons in P,As,and Sb,and for VBM holes,ZA/TA phonon modes dominate intervalley scatterings in P while LA phonons dominate intravalley scatterings in As and Sb.By considering full el–ph couplings,the TE performance for these two series of monolayers are predicted,which seriously downgrades the thermoelectric figures of merits compared with those predicted by the constant relaxation time approximation.

Cost-Sensitive Dual-Stream Residual Networks for Imbalanced Classification

Imbalanced data classification is the task of classifying datasets where there is a significant disparity in the number of samples between different classes.This task is prevalent in practical scenarios such as industrial fault diagnosis,network intrusion detection,cancer detection,etc.In imbalanced classification tasks,the focus is typically on achieving high recognition accuracy for the minority class.However,due to the challenges presented by imbalanced multi-class datasets,such as the scarcity of samples in minority classes and complex inter-class relationships with overlapping boundaries,existing methods often do not perform well in multi-class imbalanced data classification tasks,particularly in terms of recognizing minority classes with high accuracy.Therefore,this paper proposes a multi-class imbalanced data classification method called CSDSResNet,which is based on a cost-sensitive dualstream residual network.Firstly,to address the issue of limited samples in the minority class within imbalanced datasets,a dual-stream residual network backbone structure is designed to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability.Next,considering the complexities arising fromimbalanced inter-class sample quantities and imbalanced inter-class overlapping boundaries in multi-class imbalanced datasets,a unique cost-sensitive loss function is devised.This loss function places more emphasis on the minority class and the challenging classes with high interclass similarity,thereby improving the model’s classification ability.Finally,the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed method,CSDSResNet,are evaluated on two datasets:‘DryBeans’and‘Electric Motor Defects’.The experimental results demonstrate that CSDSResNet achieves the best performance on imbalanced datasets,with macro_F1-score values improving by 2.9%and 1.9%on the two datasets compared to current state-of-the-art classification methods,respectively.Furthermore,it achieves the highest precision in single-class recognition tasks for the minority class.

对外汉语中级教材中的话题设计

为了提高口语水平和思辨能力,设计一本以话题为驱动点的教材是必须的.就对外汉语中级教材来说,编者必须平衡好语言知识和话题功能的关系.语言知识包括词汇、汉字和语法等,而话题是搭建语法知识的支架.为了传授知识,必须构建一个话题.而这些被选择的话题必须遵循一定的设计原则,即生活性、趣味性、普遍性和讨论性.