To determine whether hyperopia aggregates in families in an older mixed-race population. Cross-sectional familial aggregation study using sibships. We recru ited 759 subjects (mean age, 73.4 years) in 241 families thr...To determine whether hyperopia aggregates in families in an older mixed-race population. Cross-sectional familial aggregation study using sibships. We recru ited 759 subjects (mean age, 73.4 years) in 241 families through the population -based Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. Subjects underwent noncycloplegic refrac tion if best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ≤20/40, had lensometry to meas ure their currently worn spectacles if BCVA was > 20/40 with spectacles, or were considered to be plano (refraction of zero) if the BCVA was > 20/40 without spe ctacles. Preoperative refraction from medical records was used for bilaterally p seudophakic subjects. Utilizing hyperopia cutoffs from 1.00 to 2.50 diopters, ag e-, race-, and gender-ad-justed odds ratios for hyperopia with an affected s ibling ranged from 2.72 (95%confidence interval [CI], 1.84-4.01) to 4.87 (95 % CI, 2.54-9.30). The odds of hyperopia increased with age until 75 years, after which they remained relatively constant. Black men were significantly less likel y to be hyperopic than white men, white women, or black women. Hyperopia appears to be under strong genetic control in this older population.展开更多
To quantify the risk for age-related cortical cataract and posterior subcapsu lar cataract (PSC) associated with having an affected sibling after adjusting fo r known environmental and personal risk factors. Sibling c...To quantify the risk for age-related cortical cataract and posterior subcapsu lar cataract (PSC) associated with having an affected sibling after adjusting fo r known environmental and personal risk factors. Sibling cohort study. Participa nts in the ongoing Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) study (m=321; mean age, 78.1± 4.2 years) and their locally resident siblings (m=453; mean age, 72.6±7.4 years ) were recruited at the time of Rounds 3 and 4 of the SEE study. Retroilluminati on photographs of the lens were graded for the presence of cortical cataract and PSC with the Wilmer grading system. The residual correlation between siblings’ cataract grades was estimated after adjustment for a number of factors (age; gen der; race; lifetime exposure to ultraviolet-B light; cigarette, alcohol, estrog en, and steroid use; serum antioxidants; history of diabetes; blood pressure; an d body mass index) suspected to be associated with the presence of cataract. The average sibship size was 2.7 per family. Multivariate analysis revealed the mag nitude of heritability (h2) for cortical cataract to be 24%(95%CI, 6%-42%), whereas that for PSC was not statistically significant (h2 4%; 95%CI, 0%-11 %) after adjustment for the covariates. The model revealed that increasing age, female gender, a history of diabetes, and black race increased the odds of cort ical cataract, whereas higher levels of provitamin A were protective. A history of diabetes and steroid use increased the odds for PSC. This study is consistent with a significant genetic effect for age-related cortical cataract but not PS C.展开更多
文摘To determine whether hyperopia aggregates in families in an older mixed-race population. Cross-sectional familial aggregation study using sibships. We recru ited 759 subjects (mean age, 73.4 years) in 241 families through the population -based Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. Subjects underwent noncycloplegic refrac tion if best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ≤20/40, had lensometry to meas ure their currently worn spectacles if BCVA was > 20/40 with spectacles, or were considered to be plano (refraction of zero) if the BCVA was > 20/40 without spe ctacles. Preoperative refraction from medical records was used for bilaterally p seudophakic subjects. Utilizing hyperopia cutoffs from 1.00 to 2.50 diopters, ag e-, race-, and gender-ad-justed odds ratios for hyperopia with an affected s ibling ranged from 2.72 (95%confidence interval [CI], 1.84-4.01) to 4.87 (95 % CI, 2.54-9.30). The odds of hyperopia increased with age until 75 years, after which they remained relatively constant. Black men were significantly less likel y to be hyperopic than white men, white women, or black women. Hyperopia appears to be under strong genetic control in this older population.
文摘To quantify the risk for age-related cortical cataract and posterior subcapsu lar cataract (PSC) associated with having an affected sibling after adjusting fo r known environmental and personal risk factors. Sibling cohort study. Participa nts in the ongoing Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) study (m=321; mean age, 78.1± 4.2 years) and their locally resident siblings (m=453; mean age, 72.6±7.4 years ) were recruited at the time of Rounds 3 and 4 of the SEE study. Retroilluminati on photographs of the lens were graded for the presence of cortical cataract and PSC with the Wilmer grading system. The residual correlation between siblings’ cataract grades was estimated after adjustment for a number of factors (age; gen der; race; lifetime exposure to ultraviolet-B light; cigarette, alcohol, estrog en, and steroid use; serum antioxidants; history of diabetes; blood pressure; an d body mass index) suspected to be associated with the presence of cataract. The average sibship size was 2.7 per family. Multivariate analysis revealed the mag nitude of heritability (h2) for cortical cataract to be 24%(95%CI, 6%-42%), whereas that for PSC was not statistically significant (h2 4%; 95%CI, 0%-11 %) after adjustment for the covariates. The model revealed that increasing age, female gender, a history of diabetes, and black race increased the odds of cort ical cataract, whereas higher levels of provitamin A were protective. A history of diabetes and steroid use increased the odds for PSC. This study is consistent with a significant genetic effect for age-related cortical cataract but not PS C.
