Dear Editor,In development,after cells make a commitment to their fates,they undergo a continuous and adaptive maturation process to eventually reach their terminal states.Cell maturity often decays during aging and p...Dear Editor,In development,after cells make a commitment to their fates,they undergo a continuous and adaptive maturation process to eventually reach their terminal states.Cell maturity often decays during aging and pathogenesis.The immature phenotypes of stem cell-differentiated cells deposit a major bottleneck in regenerative medicine.展开更多
Macroautophagy(hereafter referred to as autophagy)is a conserved eukaryotic process,in which dysfunctional proteins,organelles,and other macromolecules are wrapped in intracellular vesicles called autophagosomes and d...Macroautophagy(hereafter referred to as autophagy)is a conserved eukaryotic process,in which dysfunctional proteins,organelles,and other macromolecules are wrapped in intracellular vesicles called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation(Mizushima et al.,2008;Mizushima and Komatsu,2011).Autophagy restores cellular energy and recycles cytoplasmic precursors,sustaining cell homeostasis and cell survival(Mizushima et al.,2008;Mizushima and Komatsu,2011).Elevated autophagy can be detected in both cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells in pancreatic cancer(PC),affecting tumor initiation and progression as well(Yang et al.,2011;Endo et al.,2017).The role of autophagy in PC is highly context-dependent.Here,we illustrate the multifactorial role of autophagy in PC,and the significance of autophagy will be emphasized not only in cancer cells but also in the tumor microenvironment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1104800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222006,32100660,82170367)+5 种基金Beijing Nova Program (Z211100002121003,20220484205)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7232094)supported by National Institute of Health (R01HL146634 and UM1HL098166)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (82070235 and 92168113)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-5003)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund (HH22KYZX0047)。
文摘Dear Editor,In development,after cells make a commitment to their fates,they undergo a continuous and adaptive maturation process to eventually reach their terminal states.Cell maturity often decays during aging and pathogenesis.The immature phenotypes of stem cell-differentiated cells deposit a major bottleneck in regenerative medicine.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0503900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81472581,81672712,81874145,and 81621063).
文摘Macroautophagy(hereafter referred to as autophagy)is a conserved eukaryotic process,in which dysfunctional proteins,organelles,and other macromolecules are wrapped in intracellular vesicles called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation(Mizushima et al.,2008;Mizushima and Komatsu,2011).Autophagy restores cellular energy and recycles cytoplasmic precursors,sustaining cell homeostasis and cell survival(Mizushima et al.,2008;Mizushima and Komatsu,2011).Elevated autophagy can be detected in both cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells in pancreatic cancer(PC),affecting tumor initiation and progression as well(Yang et al.,2011;Endo et al.,2017).The role of autophagy in PC is highly context-dependent.Here,we illustrate the multifactorial role of autophagy in PC,and the significance of autophagy will be emphasized not only in cancer cells but also in the tumor microenvironment.
