The effects of Greyhound racing on plasma insulin, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acid have not been extensively studied. We sought to examine the effects of exercise in 19 greyhounds trialed over 400 meters on ser...The effects of Greyhound racing on plasma insulin, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acid have not been extensively studied. We sought to examine the effects of exercise in 19 greyhounds trialed over 400 meters on serum biochemistry, osmolality, nonessential fatty acids, and the major glucoregulatory hormones insulin and glucagon, before and after racing. Due to the non-traditional dietary patterns of many racing Greyhounds, the diet was analyzed for macro and micro-nutrient assessment to determine adequacy of the diet. Many significant biochemical changes were observed and agreed with previous studies, except for low resting glucose, low post-exercise globulin and phosphorus concentrations, and a high CK both before and after exercise. Insulin concentrations increased 10 minutes post-exercise which might be a result of the rise in serum glucose observed. Non-esterified fatty acids decreased 10 minutes post-exercise, as a likely result of the insulin facilitated cellular uptake of fatty acids early in recovery. Glucagon concentrations did not change after exercise despite the rise in insulin. The diet analysis found some mineral deficiencies in sodium, selenium, iodine and copper;and contained a far higher protein and fat content, being atypical of diets that have been shown to improve the performance in racing Greyhounds.展开更多
The study of canine athlete physiology has focused on endurance sled dog racing and high intensity short duration Greyhound racing, yet the number of dogs competing in low intensity endurance activities is rising due ...The study of canine athlete physiology has focused on endurance sled dog racing and high intensity short duration Greyhound racing, yet the number of dogs competing in low intensity endurance activities is rising due to the increased numbers of hunting and companion dog activities. There is little information on the physiological effect of longer duration low intensity endurance activities. We set out to evaluate the serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and cortisol response before and after two consecutive days of exercise in ten healthy unconditioned male dogs. Exercise sessions consisted of 120 minutes on an exercise wheel at 11 km/hour on 2 consecutive days. Blood was collected at four time points: 24 hours pre-exercise (sample 1, Day 0, resting);2 min post-exercise on days 1 and 2, (samples 2 and 3, respectively);and 20 hours post-exercise, collected on day 3(sample 4). Hematocrit, blood gases, serum chemistry, uric acid, cortisol, and F2-isoprostanes were determined. Serum biochemistry and hematocrit suggested hemoconcentration, mild muscle damage and respiratory alkalosis during exercise, which was expected in the unconditioned canine athlete. In addition, plasma indices of oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes) increased, as did plasma uric acid (an endogenous antioxidant). Importantly, similar to human studies, plasma F2-isoprostanes decreased 24 hours after exercise suggesting a protective effect of exercise. Serum cortisol concentrations were also markedly elevated at the end of exercise on both days suggesting that timing of sampling may play a role in interpreting cortisol results when looking at previous field studies.展开更多
文摘The effects of Greyhound racing on plasma insulin, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acid have not been extensively studied. We sought to examine the effects of exercise in 19 greyhounds trialed over 400 meters on serum biochemistry, osmolality, nonessential fatty acids, and the major glucoregulatory hormones insulin and glucagon, before and after racing. Due to the non-traditional dietary patterns of many racing Greyhounds, the diet was analyzed for macro and micro-nutrient assessment to determine adequacy of the diet. Many significant biochemical changes were observed and agreed with previous studies, except for low resting glucose, low post-exercise globulin and phosphorus concentrations, and a high CK both before and after exercise. Insulin concentrations increased 10 minutes post-exercise which might be a result of the rise in serum glucose observed. Non-esterified fatty acids decreased 10 minutes post-exercise, as a likely result of the insulin facilitated cellular uptake of fatty acids early in recovery. Glucagon concentrations did not change after exercise despite the rise in insulin. The diet analysis found some mineral deficiencies in sodium, selenium, iodine and copper;and contained a far higher protein and fat content, being atypical of diets that have been shown to improve the performance in racing Greyhounds.
文摘The study of canine athlete physiology has focused on endurance sled dog racing and high intensity short duration Greyhound racing, yet the number of dogs competing in low intensity endurance activities is rising due to the increased numbers of hunting and companion dog activities. There is little information on the physiological effect of longer duration low intensity endurance activities. We set out to evaluate the serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and cortisol response before and after two consecutive days of exercise in ten healthy unconditioned male dogs. Exercise sessions consisted of 120 minutes on an exercise wheel at 11 km/hour on 2 consecutive days. Blood was collected at four time points: 24 hours pre-exercise (sample 1, Day 0, resting);2 min post-exercise on days 1 and 2, (samples 2 and 3, respectively);and 20 hours post-exercise, collected on day 3(sample 4). Hematocrit, blood gases, serum chemistry, uric acid, cortisol, and F2-isoprostanes were determined. Serum biochemistry and hematocrit suggested hemoconcentration, mild muscle damage and respiratory alkalosis during exercise, which was expected in the unconditioned canine athlete. In addition, plasma indices of oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes) increased, as did plasma uric acid (an endogenous antioxidant). Importantly, similar to human studies, plasma F2-isoprostanes decreased 24 hours after exercise suggesting a protective effect of exercise. Serum cortisol concentrations were also markedly elevated at the end of exercise on both days suggesting that timing of sampling may play a role in interpreting cortisol results when looking at previous field studies.
