Basal birds from China:a brief review

We use the term 'basal birds' for a relatively small number of primitive fossil birds that fall outside the major clade Ornithothoraces,which includes both modern birds and enantiorni-thines. Eight genera and twelve valid species have been reported from China in the last 15 years,whereas Archaeopteryx lithographica remains the only basal bird to have been described from non-Chinese specimens(although confuciusornithid material is apparently present in North Korea).Here we briefly review the Chinese basal birds and their anatomy,phylogeny and ecology.Chinese fossils have contributed extensively to scientific understanding of early avian evolution,demon-strating collectively that basal birds were generally relatively large and morphologically and eco-logically quite diverse.Although some significant uncertainties remain,particularly with respect to the relative phylogenetic positions of Jeholornis,Sapeornis and Zhongornis,an increasingly clear picture of the first stages of avian evolution is emerging from the Chinese fossil record.

An Updated Review of the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota: Chronology,Taphonomy,Paleontology and Paleoecology

The northeastern Chinese Yanliao Biota （sometimes called the Daohugou Biota） comprises numerous, frequently spectacular fossils of non-marine organisms, occurring in Middle-Upper Jurassic strata in western Liaoning, northern Hebei, and southeastern Inner Mongolia. The biota lasted for about 10 million years, divided into two phases： the Bathonian-Callovian Daohugou phase （about 168-164 million years ago） and the Oxfordian Linglongta phase （164-159 million years ago）. The Yanliao fossils are often taphonomically exceptional （many vertebrate skeletons, for example, are complete and accompanied by preserved integumentary features）, and not only are taxonomically diverse but also include the oldest known representatives of many groups of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. These fossils have provided significant new information regarding the origins and early evolution of such clades as fleas, birds, and mammals, in addition to the evolution of some major biological structures such as feathers, and have demonstrated the existence of a complex terrestrial ecosystem in northeast China around the time of the Middle-Late Jurassic boundary.

中生代鸟类牙齿的退化及其可忽略的体重效应（英文）

牙齿退化是中生代鸟类演化的一个重要过程,牙齿总重综合了牙齿大小和数量的信息,研究这一特征的演化趋势,有助于深入地分析中生代鸟类牙齿退化的原因和方式。然而,现生鸟类均不具齿,无法为研究中生代鸟类的牙齿重量提供参考。除鸟类外的现生脊椎动物中,鳄类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近,且牙齿形态、着生和替换方式与后者相似,因此可为估算中生代鸟类牙齿重量提供参考模型。对从8件现生暹罗鳄标本采得的31枚牙齿进行了形态和重量测量,基于缩放比例原理建立多组回归方程,依此方程对牙齿和齿列保存较完整的中生代鸟类标本进行了牙齿总重估计。结果表明多数中生代鸟类牙齿总重普遍占体重比例极小,据此推测其对飞行的影响可忽略不计,减轻体重的自然选择压力可能不是造成中生代鸟类牙齿退化的主要原因。中生代鸟类牙齿总重的多样性可能反映了其食性和取食行为的差异。

A Decade of 21^(st)-Century Dinosaur Research at IVPP

In the first decade of the 21st century, a larger number of important new dinosaur specimens have come from China than from any other country. The

湖南株洲晚白垩世恐龙化石的初步研究

我国南方上白垩统产丰富的恐龙蛋化石,但发现的恐龙骨骼化石的种类和数量相对较少。本文对湖南株洲天元区新发现的恐龙化石进行详细研究。初步分析结果表明该化石点恐龙种类丰富,可能包括至少两种蜥脚类、三种兽脚类和一种鸭嘴龙类。其中部分蜥脚类材料可能归属于梁龙超科,填补了该类群在东亚上白垩统的空白记录;一个蜥脚类坐骨则显示泰坦巨龙类的典型特征。兽脚类材料可能来自于小型的虚骨龙类、暴龙科和鲨齿龙科。前两者为晚白垩世的常见类群,而鲨齿龙科的化石记录在上白垩统非常少见。本文为鲨齿龙科可能在东亚一直延伸至晚白垩世提供了新的证据。该地区多门类恐龙化石的发现表明我国南方恐龙的种类可能比我们想象的要丰富得多,而且可能是梁龙类和鲨齿龙类的最后栖息地。株洲恐龙动物群的发现对于了解亚洲特别是中国恐龙的生物地理区系的分布具有重要意义。

A new skin-winged dinosaur from the Jurassic of northeast China

Over approximately the past quarter-century, fine-grained sedimentary rocks deposited in Mesozoic lakes in what is now northeast China have produced numerous spectacular fossils of primitive birds and closely-related non-avian theropod dinosaurs.Supplemented by other discoveries from around the world, these specimens have demonstrated that the transition to birds was not an orderly linear progression but rather an evolutionary radiation that gave rise to a number of disparate,often short-lived clades[1].