Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are ...Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are recognised. Although most of the described genetic alterations have been observed in both types, different genetic pathways have been hypothesized. Genetic and epigenetic events, including 1q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability and hypermethylation, have mostly been reported in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions, whereas 17p LOH, mutation or loss of E-cadherin are more often implicated in the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.In this review, we summarize the sometimes contradictory findings regarding those markers which influence the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignant tumour that arises from biliary epithelium at any portion of the biliary tree.CCA is currently classified as intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic CCA(EH-CCA).Recent evidences suggest t...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignant tumour that arises from biliary epithelium at any portion of the biliary tree.CCA is currently classified as intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic CCA(EH-CCA).Recent evidences suggest that intra-hepatic CCA(IH-CCA) and EH-CCA are biologically different cancers,giving further support to a number of recent epidemiological studies showing large differences in terms of incidence,mortality and risk factors.The purpose of this manuscript is to review recent literature dealing with the descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of CCA with a special effort to compare IH-with EH-CCA.展开更多
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are recognised. Although most of the described genetic alterations have been observed in both types, different genetic pathways have been hypothesized. Genetic and epigenetic events, including 1q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability and hypermethylation, have mostly been reported in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions, whereas 17p LOH, mutation or loss of E-cadherin are more often implicated in the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.In this review, we summarize the sometimes contradictory findings regarding those markers which influence the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignant tumour that arises from biliary epithelium at any portion of the biliary tree.CCA is currently classified as intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic CCA(EH-CCA).Recent evidences suggest that intra-hepatic CCA(IH-CCA) and EH-CCA are biologically different cancers,giving further support to a number of recent epidemiological studies showing large differences in terms of incidence,mortality and risk factors.The purpose of this manuscript is to review recent literature dealing with the descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of CCA with a special effort to compare IH-with EH-CCA.
