Objective:To assess the 10-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)and its predictors in an older population.Methods:The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older(82.4% response)fro...Objective:To assess the 10-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)and its predictors in an older population.Methods:The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older(82.4% response)from 1992 to 1994,reexamined 2335 residents(75.1% of survivors)from 1997 to 1999,and reexamined 1952 residents(75.6% of survivors)from 2002 to 2004.Incident RVO was assessed from stereoscopic retinal photographs.Kaplan-Meier cumulative 10-year incidence was calculated.Results:After excluding 47 residents with RVO at baseline and 171 residents with no photographs at either followup examination,2346 residents were considered at risk of developing RVO.The cumulative 10-year incidence of RVO was 1.6%.Age was significantly associated with the incidence of RVO(P=.03,Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 test for trend).Factors predicting the incidence of RVO included mean arterial blood pressure(age-adjusted odds ratio OR,1.41 per 10-mm Hg increase),ocular perfusion pressure(OR,1.71 per 10-mm Hg increase),obesity(OR,2.16),and presence of retinal arteriolar wall signs(focal narrowing:OR,3.37;arteriovenous nicking:OR,4.09;and opacification:OR,4.89).Conclusions:Older age(≥ 70 years),increasing mean arterial blood pressure,and atherosclerotic retinal vessel signs were significant predictors of incident RVO.展开更多
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE-To assess the relationship between retinal arteriolar emboli and mortality in older people. METHODS-Pooled data from 2 population-based cohort studies. At baseline, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDE...BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE-To assess the relationship between retinal arteriolar emboli and mortality in older people. METHODS-Pooled data from 2 population-based cohort studies. At baseline, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) examined 4926 persons 43 to 86 years of age (1988 to 1990), and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) examined 3654 persons 49 to 97 years of age (1992 to 1994). Retinal arteriolar emboli were assessed by grading retinal photographs using standardized methods. Deaths and causes of death were determined from death certificates or Australian National Death Index. Cox regression models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) associated with emboli, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, study site, and past histories of stroke, angina, and acute myocardial infarct. RESULTS -Of 8580 baseline participants, 8384 (98%) had retinal photographs available, and 111 showed retinal arteriolar emboli (BDES n=61; BMES n=50). Over 10 to 12 years, 2506 participants (30%) died, including 344 (4%) from stroke-related and 1315 (16%) from cardiovascular causes. The cumulative mortality rates were higher in participants with than without emboli (all-cause 56%versus 30%; stroke-related 12%versus 4.0%; cardiovascular 30%versus 16%). The increased mortality risk associated with emboli was independent of age, gender, other vascular risk factors, and past histories of stroke or heart disease for all-cause (multivariate-adjusted HR, 1.3; CI, 1.0 to 1.8) and stroke-related mortality (HR, 2.0; CI, 1.1 to 3.8) but not for cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.2; CI, 0.8 to 1.7). CONCLUSIONS-Our pooled data from 2 older populations suggest that retinal emboli predict a modest increase in all-cause and stroke-related mortality independent of cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
Background and Purpose:To assess 10-year incidence of retinal emboli and its predictors in an older population.Methods:Survivors of 3654 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants ≥ 49 years of age were re-examined 5 and ...Background and Purpose:To assess 10-year incidence of retinal emboli and its predictors in an older population.Methods:Survivors of 3654 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants ≥ 49 years of age were re-examined 5 and 10 years later.Incident emboli were assessed from retinal photographs.Results:Cumulative 10-year incidence was 2.9%(95% CI,2.1% to 3.6%)among 2361 at risk.Age was associated with incident emboli(Ptrend=0.0001).After multivariate adjustment,hypertension(odds ratio OR,1.8;CI,1.0 to 3.1),hypercholesterolemia(OR,1.3;CI,1.0 to 1.6),overweight(OR,3.3;CI,1.6 to 6.9),current smoking(OR,2.5;CI,1.1 to 5.9),increasing fibrinogen level(OR per mg/dL,1.1;CI,1.0 to 1.2),and retinal vascular signs(arteriovenous nicking OR,2.0;CI,1.2 to 3.6;arteriolar wall opacification OR,2.3;CI,1.1 to 5.0;retinal vein occlusion OR,3.2;CI,1.0 to 9.9)were significantly associated with incident emboli.Conclusions:The 3% incidence of retinal arteriolar emboli found in this older population is likely to be an underestimate attributable to the transient nature of emboli and differential loss to follow-up.Most cardiovascular risk factors predict retinal embolism.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the 10-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)and its predictors in an older population.Methods:The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older(82.4% response)from 1992 to 1994,reexamined 2335 residents(75.1% of survivors)from 1997 to 1999,and reexamined 1952 residents(75.6% of survivors)from 2002 to 2004.Incident RVO was assessed from stereoscopic retinal photographs.Kaplan-Meier cumulative 10-year incidence was calculated.Results:After excluding 47 residents with RVO at baseline and 171 residents with no photographs at either followup examination,2346 residents were considered at risk of developing RVO.The cumulative 10-year incidence of RVO was 1.6%.Age was significantly associated with the incidence of RVO(P=.03,Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 test for trend).Factors predicting the incidence of RVO included mean arterial blood pressure(age-adjusted odds ratio OR,1.41 per 10-mm Hg increase),ocular perfusion pressure(OR,1.71 per 10-mm Hg increase),obesity(OR,2.16),and presence of retinal arteriolar wall signs(focal narrowing:OR,3.37;arteriovenous nicking:OR,4.09;and opacification:OR,4.89).Conclusions:Older age(≥ 70 years),increasing mean arterial blood pressure,and atherosclerotic retinal vessel signs were significant predictors of incident RVO.
文摘BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE-To assess the relationship between retinal arteriolar emboli and mortality in older people. METHODS-Pooled data from 2 population-based cohort studies. At baseline, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) examined 4926 persons 43 to 86 years of age (1988 to 1990), and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) examined 3654 persons 49 to 97 years of age (1992 to 1994). Retinal arteriolar emboli were assessed by grading retinal photographs using standardized methods. Deaths and causes of death were determined from death certificates or Australian National Death Index. Cox regression models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) associated with emboli, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, study site, and past histories of stroke, angina, and acute myocardial infarct. RESULTS -Of 8580 baseline participants, 8384 (98%) had retinal photographs available, and 111 showed retinal arteriolar emboli (BDES n=61; BMES n=50). Over 10 to 12 years, 2506 participants (30%) died, including 344 (4%) from stroke-related and 1315 (16%) from cardiovascular causes. The cumulative mortality rates were higher in participants with than without emboli (all-cause 56%versus 30%; stroke-related 12%versus 4.0%; cardiovascular 30%versus 16%). The increased mortality risk associated with emboli was independent of age, gender, other vascular risk factors, and past histories of stroke or heart disease for all-cause (multivariate-adjusted HR, 1.3; CI, 1.0 to 1.8) and stroke-related mortality (HR, 2.0; CI, 1.1 to 3.8) but not for cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.2; CI, 0.8 to 1.7). CONCLUSIONS-Our pooled data from 2 older populations suggest that retinal emboli predict a modest increase in all-cause and stroke-related mortality independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
文摘Background and Purpose:To assess 10-year incidence of retinal emboli and its predictors in an older population.Methods:Survivors of 3654 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants ≥ 49 years of age were re-examined 5 and 10 years later.Incident emboli were assessed from retinal photographs.Results:Cumulative 10-year incidence was 2.9%(95% CI,2.1% to 3.6%)among 2361 at risk.Age was associated with incident emboli(Ptrend=0.0001).After multivariate adjustment,hypertension(odds ratio OR,1.8;CI,1.0 to 3.1),hypercholesterolemia(OR,1.3;CI,1.0 to 1.6),overweight(OR,3.3;CI,1.6 to 6.9),current smoking(OR,2.5;CI,1.1 to 5.9),increasing fibrinogen level(OR per mg/dL,1.1;CI,1.0 to 1.2),and retinal vascular signs(arteriovenous nicking OR,2.0;CI,1.2 to 3.6;arteriolar wall opacification OR,2.3;CI,1.1 to 5.0;retinal vein occlusion OR,3.2;CI,1.0 to 9.9)were significantly associated with incident emboli.Conclusions:The 3% incidence of retinal arteriolar emboli found in this older population is likely to be an underestimate attributable to the transient nature of emboli and differential loss to follow-up.Most cardiovascular risk factors predict retinal embolism.
