Changes of the peripapillary vascular parameters inpremature infants without retinopathy of prematurityusing U-net segmentation

AIM:To quantitatively assess the changes in mean vascular tortuosity(mVT)and mean vascular width(mVW)around the optic disc and their correlation with gestational age(GA)and birth weight(BW)in premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:A single-center retrospective study included a total of 133(133 eyes)premature infants[mean corrected gestational age(CGA)43.6wk]without ROP as the premature group and 130(130 eyes)CGA-matched fullterm infants as the control group.The peripapillary mVT and mVW were quantitatively measured using computerassisted techniques.RESULTS:Premature infants had significantly higher mVT(P=0.0032)and lower mVW(P=0.0086)by 2.68(10^(4) cm^(-3))and 1.85μm,respectively.Subgroup analysis with GA showed significant differences(P=0.0244)in mVT between the early preterm and middle to late preterm groups,but the differences between mVW were not significant(P=0.6652).The results of the multiple linear regression model showed a significant negative correlation between GA and BW with mVT after adjusting sex and CGA(P=0.0211 and P=0.0006,respectively).For each day increase in GA at birth,mVT decreased by 0.1281(10^(4) cm^(-3))and for each 1 g increase in BW,mVT decreased by 0.006(10^(4) cm^(-3)).However,GA(P=0.9402)and BW(P=0.7275)were not significantly correlated with mVW.CONCLUSION:Preterm birth significantly affects the peripapillary vascular parameters that indicate higher mVT and narrower mVW in premature infants without ROP.Alterations in these parameters may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of ocular vascular disease.

VideoMap: An interactive and scalable visualization for exploring video content

Large-scale dynamic relational data visualization has attracted considerable research attention recently. We introduce dynamic data visualization into the multimedia domain, and present an interactive and scalable system, Video Map, for exploring large-scale video content. A long video or movie has much content; the associations between the content are complicated. Video Map uses new visual representations to extract meaningful information from video content. Map-based visualization naturally and easily summarizes and reveals important features and events in video. Multi-scale descriptions are used to describe the layout and distribution of temporal information, spatial information, and associations between video content. Firstly, semantic associations are used in which map elements correspond to video contents. Secondly, video contents are visualized hierarchically from a large scale to a fine-detailed scale. Video Map uses a small set of sketch gestures to invoke analysis, and automatically completes charts by synthesizing visual representations from the map and binding them to the underlying data. Furthermore,Video Map allows users to use gestures to move and resize the view, as when using a map, facilitating interactive exploration. Our experimental evaluation of Video Map demonstrates how the system can assist in exploring video content as well as significantly reducing browsing time when trying to understand and find events of interest.

EmotionMap:Visual Analysis of Video Emotional Content on a Map

Emotion plays a crucial role in gratifying users’needs during their experience of movies and TV series,and may be underutilized as a framework for exploring video content and analysis.In this paper,we present EmotionMap,a novel way of presenting emotion for daily users in 2D geography,fusing spatio-temporal information with emotional data.The interface is composed of novel visualization elements interconnected to facilitate video content exploration,understanding,and searching.EmotionMap allows understanding of the overall emotion at a glance while also giving a rapid understanding of the details.Firstly,we develop EmotionDisc which is an effective tool for collecting audiences’emotion based on emotion representation models.We collect audience and character emotional data,and then integrate the metaphor of a map to visualize video content and emotion in a hierarchical structure.EmotionMap combines sketch interaction,providing a natural approach for users’active exploration.The novelty and the effectiveness of EmotionMap have been demonstrated by the user study and experts’feedback.

Metabolite characterization of Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose in rat biofluids by HPLC-QTOF-MS

Objective： To understand the in vivo metabolic fate of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose（PGG）naturally existed in many medicinal herbs and food plants such as Rhus chinensis,Paeonia suffruticosa,Paeonia lactiflora and Mango.Methods： The metabolites of PGG in rat biofluids were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-QTOF-MS）.Results： Ten metabolites in urine,five metabolites in feces and two metabolites in plasma,were observed when the rats were administrated with a single intravenous injection of PGG（20 mg/kg）.Conclusion： PGG is firstly metabolized to gallic acid,then gallic acid undergoes sulfation,glucuronidation and methylation by rat liver.The determination of metabolites and the proposed metabolic pathway of PGG in vivo will be benefit to gain deeper insights into its pharmacological activities.

Distribution of Metabolites in Root Barks of Seven Tree Peony Cultivars for Quality Assessment Using NMR-based Metabolomics

Objective To determine the distribution of metabolites in the root barks of different tree peony cultivars for quality assessment. Methods Seven tree peony phenotypic cultivars with different colors were systematically analyzed using NMR-based metabolomics. Results A total of 16 metabolites from their methanol extracts were simultaneously identified and quantified, including one primary metabolite （sucrose） and 15 secondary ones （acetophenones, phenolics, monoterpene glycosides, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids）. The quantitative data indicated that sucrose （90-180 mg/g） and acetophenones （15-100 mg/g）, and non-phenolics, monoterpene glycosides, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids （2-15 mg/g） were the major metabolites in these tree peony cultivars. The significantly increasing levels of paeonoside with bioactivity were observed in ＂Xiangyu＂, ＂Wujinyaohui＂, ＂Roufurong＂, ＂Yaohuang＂, ＂Zhaofen＂, ＂Doulu＂, and ＂Yingrihong＂ in order. Opposite trends in the levels of paeonoside and paeonol were observed in ＂Xiangyu＂ and ＂Yingrihong＂, suggesting that the changes of the secondary metabolites in plants were influenced by primary metabolites, such as sucrose/glucose, and the different physiological processes occurred in different tree peony cultivars. Conclusion ＂Yingrihong＂ with red flower has the highest medicine quality whereas ＂Xiangyu＂ with white flower has the worst one based on the content of paeonoside.