The widely appreciated muscat flavor of grapes and wine is mainly attributable to the monoterpenes that accumulate in ripe grape berries.To identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grape berry monoterpene content,an F...The widely appreciated muscat flavor of grapes and wine is mainly attributable to the monoterpenes that accumulate in ripe grape berries.To identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grape berry monoterpene content,an F1 mapping population was constructed by a cross between two grapevine genotypes,one with neutral aroma berries(cv.‘Beifeng’)and the other with a pronounced muscat aroma(elite Vitis vinifera line‘3–34’).A high-density genetic linkage map spanning 1563.7 cM was constructed using 3332 SNP markers that were assigned to 19 linkage groups.Monoterpenes were extracted from the berry of the F1 progeny,then identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Twelve stable QTLs associated with the amounts of 11 monoterpenes in berries were thus identified.In parallel,the levels of RNA in berries from 34 diverse cultivars were estimated by RNA sequencing and compared to the monoterpene content of the berries.The expression of five genes mapping to stable QTLs correlated well with the monoterpene content of berries.These genes,including the basic leucine zipper VvbZIP61 gene on chromosome 12,are therefore considered as potentially being involved in monoterpene metabolism.Overexpression of VvbZIP61 in Vitis amurensis callus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation significantly increased the accumulation of several monoterpenes in the callus,including nerol,linalool,geranial,geraniol,β-myrcene,and D-limonene.It is hypothesized that VvbZIP61 expression acts to increase muscat flavor in grapes.These results advance our understanding of the genetic control of monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes and provide important information for the marker-assisted selection of aroma compounds in grape breeding.展开更多
According to the research by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(http://www.fao.org/3/i5199e/i5199e.pdf),>1 billion hectares of land are affected by saline-alkaline conditions,which severely...According to the research by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(http://www.fao.org/3/i5199e/i5199e.pdf),>1 billion hectares of land are affected by saline-alkaline conditions,which severely affects plant growth and crop yield,posing great threats to global food security and ecosystems.Saline-alkaline land can be classified into three different types—salinity,alkalinity,and alkaline-salinity,depending on the salt components in the soil.To date,the mechanism of plant tolerance to salt stress has been extensively studied,while the understanding of the plant alkaline stress response is still very preliminary,which impedes the breeding of salt–alkali-tolerant crops by using modern molecular breeding techniques.展开更多
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK...Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK2.6 influence each other. The persulfidation of cysteine C131/C137 altered SnRK2.6 structure, resulted in serine S175 residue more close to aspartic acid D140, who belong to ATP-γ-phosphate proton acceptor may effectively improve the transfer efficiency of phosphate groups to S175, thus persulfidation enhanced the phosphorylation level of S175. S267 and C137 were predicted to lie in close proximity on the protein surface. The phosphorylation status of S267 positively regulated the persulfidation level at C137. Tests of responses of dephosphorylated and depersulfidated mutants to ABA and the H2S-donor NaHS during stomatal closure, water loss, gas-exchange, Ca2+ influx and drought stress revealed that S175/S267-associated phosphorylation and C131/137-associated persulfidation are essential for SnRK2.6 function in vivo. Taken together, we propose a mechanistic model in which certain phosphorylations facilitate persulfidation, which changes SnRK2.6 structure and increases its activity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD1000205)the National Science Foundation of China(31372028)+1 种基金the Agricultural Breeding Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region NXNYYZ202101the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-CR-PP-2020-04).
文摘The widely appreciated muscat flavor of grapes and wine is mainly attributable to the monoterpenes that accumulate in ripe grape berries.To identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grape berry monoterpene content,an F1 mapping population was constructed by a cross between two grapevine genotypes,one with neutral aroma berries(cv.‘Beifeng’)and the other with a pronounced muscat aroma(elite Vitis vinifera line‘3–34’).A high-density genetic linkage map spanning 1563.7 cM was constructed using 3332 SNP markers that were assigned to 19 linkage groups.Monoterpenes were extracted from the berry of the F1 progeny,then identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Twelve stable QTLs associated with the amounts of 11 monoterpenes in berries were thus identified.In parallel,the levels of RNA in berries from 34 diverse cultivars were estimated by RNA sequencing and compared to the monoterpene content of the berries.The expression of five genes mapping to stable QTLs correlated well with the monoterpene content of berries.These genes,including the basic leucine zipper VvbZIP61 gene on chromosome 12,are therefore considered as potentially being involved in monoterpene metabolism.Overexpression of VvbZIP61 in Vitis amurensis callus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation significantly increased the accumulation of several monoterpenes in the callus,including nerol,linalool,geranial,geraniol,β-myrcene,and D-limonene.It is hypothesized that VvbZIP61 expression acts to increase muscat flavor in grapes.These results advance our understanding of the genetic control of monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes and provide important information for the marker-assisted selection of aroma compounds in grape breeding.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222010 and U1906204)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010306)+1 种基金the Agricultural Breeding Program in Ningxia Province(2019NYYZ04)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(1201-15052001).
文摘According to the research by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(http://www.fao.org/3/i5199e/i5199e.pdf),>1 billion hectares of land are affected by saline-alkaline conditions,which severely affects plant growth and crop yield,posing great threats to global food security and ecosystems.Saline-alkaline land can be classified into three different types—salinity,alkalinity,and alkaline-salinity,depending on the salt components in the soil.To date,the mechanism of plant tolerance to salt stress has been extensively studied,while the understanding of the plant alkaline stress response is still very preliminary,which impedes the breeding of salt–alkali-tolerant crops by using modern molecular breeding techniques.
基金This work was supported by the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JZ-14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31700445)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M641022)。
文摘Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the activity of SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6), including phosphorylation and persulfidation. Here, we report how persulfidations and phosphorylations of SnRK2.6 influence each other. The persulfidation of cysteine C131/C137 altered SnRK2.6 structure, resulted in serine S175 residue more close to aspartic acid D140, who belong to ATP-γ-phosphate proton acceptor may effectively improve the transfer efficiency of phosphate groups to S175, thus persulfidation enhanced the phosphorylation level of S175. S267 and C137 were predicted to lie in close proximity on the protein surface. The phosphorylation status of S267 positively regulated the persulfidation level at C137. Tests of responses of dephosphorylated and depersulfidated mutants to ABA and the H2S-donor NaHS during stomatal closure, water loss, gas-exchange, Ca2+ influx and drought stress revealed that S175/S267-associated phosphorylation and C131/137-associated persulfidation are essential for SnRK2.6 function in vivo. Taken together, we propose a mechanistic model in which certain phosphorylations facilitate persulfidation, which changes SnRK2.6 structure and increases its activity.
