Tuning the bandgap of double perovskites

With great achievements in efficiency,stability,and large-scale preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the com-mercialization of PSC is ongoing,but there is still an issue on lead toxicity.Although lead content in the device is low,the water solubility of lead salts leads to potential environmental pollution.At present,the non-lead perovskites studied in-clude:divalent metal perovskite(e.g.,Sn^(2+),Ge^(2+),Cu^(2+)),trivalent metal perovskite(e.g.,Bi^(3+),Sb^(3+),In^(3+)),tetravalent met-al double perovskite(e.g.,Sn^(4+),Pd^(4+),Ti^(4+),Pt^(4+))and mono-trivalent mixed double perovskite(e.g.,Ag+and Bi^(3+),Ag+and In^(3+),Ag^(+)and Sb^(3+)).Their properties are summarized in Table 1.Since the first report on non-lead double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 in 2016^([1]).

钙钛矿太阳能电池的内建电场调控策略研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)作为一种高效率、低成本的光伏器件引起了国内外学者的广泛关注.电池内部的载流子分离和传输是器件工作的核心过程,直接关系到器件的光电转化效率.异质结形成的内建电场主导着载流子的行为,其强度大小决定器件中电子和空穴的分离效率,所以对内建电场的调控和优化可以从根本上提升电池的性能.本文首先对钙钛矿太阳能电池中的内建电场以及载流子分离机制进行介绍,然后对目前常见的钙钛矿太阳能电池内建电场的调控策略及其对器件性能的影响进行总结,主要包括通过掺杂、构建三维/二维钙钛矿异质结、构建偶极层等调控钙钛矿太阳能电池的内建电场.最后,对钙钛矿太阳能电池的内建电场调控技术进行评价,并对未来该领域的发展进行展望.

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells with electron and hole-transporting/-blocking layers

Towards commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),further reducing the cost and increasing the stability of PSCs have been the most important tasks of researchers,as the efficiency of single-junction PSCs has reached a competitive level among all kinds of single-junction solar cells.Carbon-electrode-based PSCs(CPSCs),as one of the most promising constructions for achieving stable economical PSCs,now attract enormous attention for their cost-effectiveness and stability.Here,we briefly review the development of CPSCs and reveal the importance of n-i-p architecture for state-of-the-art CPSCs.However,despite their promising potential,challenges still exist in CPSCs in the n-i-p architecture,which mainly stem from the incompact contact of the hole-transporting layer(HTL)/carbon electrode.Thus,new carbon materials and/or novel manufacturing methods should be proposed.In addition,HTL is yet to be appropriate for state-of-the-art CPSCs because the fabrication of carbon electrode could result in the destruction of the underlayer.To further enhance the performance of CPSCs,both the HTL and electron transport layer as well as their interfaces with perovskite active layer need to be improved.We recommend that the perovskite active layer,with its long carrier lifetime,strong carrier transport capability,and long-term stability,is necessary as well for improved performance of CPSCs.We also highlight current researches on CPSCs and provide a systematic review of various types of regulation tools.

Official Life： Homoerotic Self-Representation and Theater in Li Ciming＇s Yuemantang Riji

Homoerotic play was central to the recreational culture of theatergoing from the mid-Qing to the beginning of the twentieth century, especially in Beijing. Theatergoing literati in particular played an important role in the production and reproduction of an elite, theater-based, homoerotic sub-culture, heavily investing themselves in the pursuit of social distinction. While it is important not to underestimate the importance of lower-status audiences in the popularisation of Peking opera, the literati doubtlessly considered themselves the aesthetic vanguard in terms of both the judgment of staged drama and the literary promotion of romances between themselves and the boy-actors offstage. Unlike ＂flower-guides＂ （Huapu） that circulated between friends, diaries from the period record private thoughts on the scene that would not, and could not, be expressed in public. Drawing on the diary of the influential late-Qing scholar-official Li Ciming （1830-94）, I focus on the question of how an understanding of public participation entered Li＇s diaries, as well as examining what his self-representations have to say about Qing literati ownership of homoerotic sensibilities and spaces, which is to say, how he saw himself as presenting to others and how that self-presentation is （re-）presented in his writing.