Sulfur production from smelter off-gas using CO–H2 gas mixture as the reducing agent over modified Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

A series of modifiedγ-Al_2O_3supported iron-based catalysts(M-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3)was developed to reduce SO_2in actual smelter off-gases using CO–H_2gas mixture as reducing agent for sulfur production.Used as modifiers,three metal additives—Ni,Co,and Ce were added to Fe/γ-Al_2O_3catalysts.Changes in catalyst structure and active phase were characterized with X-ray diffraction,XPS,SEM,and EDS.The reduction ability of catalysts was exhibited via CO-TPR.The prepared catalysts only need to be pre-reacted for a period of time,eliminating the need for presulfidation treatment.Reaction conditions were optimized in a fixed bed reactor to achieve high SO_2conversion and sulfur selectivity.XRD characterization was carried out to verify the resulting sulfur products.Combining in situ infrared characterization and catalyst evaluation of support and active component,the reaction mechanism was investigated and proposed.

Catalytic activation of peroxodisulfate using shape-controlled cerium-manganese composite oxide for phenol degradation:Kinetics and degradation pathway investigation

Phenol-containing wastewater is typical organic wastewater,and its treatment is arduous.An advanced method to treat this type of wastewater is persulfate activation.Environmentally friendly ceriummanganese composite oxide materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method and applied to the phenol degradation process.Various ratios of cerium and manganese,as well as the amount of sodium hydroxide,were investigated.The solid solutions of cerium and manganese were formed and confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were utilized to analyze the synergistic effect of cerium and manganese.It is found that there is a transformation between Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+) and Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+),which makes the material more trivalent manganese and thereby increases the catalytic activity.The effect of materials in catalyzing phenol degradation by peroxodisulfate(PDS) under various preparation conditions is discussed and high-effciency removal of phenol can be achieved and the removal rate at 180 min is close to 100%.The kinetic of this process was investigated and activation energy of phenol degradation is 62,35 kJ/mol.The degradation pathway of phenol was studied and it is found that PDS can be activated by low metal ions and the OH and SO_(4·)^(-)radicals play crucial roles according to the quenching experiments.

氧化酯化反应催化剂的研究进展

本工作综述了近年来醛或醇氧化酯化催化剂的研究进展,介绍了均相催化剂和非均相催化剂的研究情况,其中均相反应体系,催化剂不易分离且能耗较大,价格普遍偏高,适用于氧化酯化的均相反应体系难以工业化。非均相反应体系在工业化方面具有很大优势,催化剂分离简单易还原、可回收再利用等,但同样存在稳定性较差及收率较低的问题。分析了贵金属催化剂和非贵金属催化剂的合成、结构及催化醛氧化酯化性能,总结了部分催化剂催化醛氧化酯化的反应机理。通过各种制备方法调控催化剂的结构、形貌、比表面积,进而暴露大面积活性面及延长催化剂的使用寿命来提高催化剂的经济效益。展望了氧化酯化反应催化剂的研究方向,贵金属催化剂由于成本限制,非贵金属催化剂将是未来醛氧化酯化领域重点研究的方向。要点:(1)综述了醛与醇一步氧化酯化催化剂的研究进展。(2)重点介绍了均相催化剂与非均相催化剂的研究情况。(3)展望了氧化酯化反应催化剂的研究方向。