Fast saccharide mapping method for quality consistency evaluation of commercial xylooligosaccharides collected in China

Due to the extensive use of xylooligosaccharides(XOS)as functional food ingredients,many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in the market,which may pose a health hazard to certain populations.Chromatography method such as high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)is traditionally applied for the quality analysis of XOS.However,it is time consuming due to the prolonged separation and pre-or post-derivatization procedure.In this study,a fast saccharide mapping method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS)was developed for the quality consistency analysis of 22 batches of XOS collected from different manufacturers in China.The time needed for saccharides analysis using MALDI-MS was less than 30 min for one plate,at least 6 times faster than that by the traditional HPTLC chromatography method.In addition,MALDI-MS possessed higher resolution for XOS with DP4-DP7 based on the difference of m/z,which is hardly separated using HPTLC.The results showed that XOS were present only in samples XY01-XY11,samples XY12-XY14 only consisted of hex oligosaccharides,and samples XY15-XY22 were free of oligosaccharides.These indicate that the quality consistency of XOS products in the China market was poor,which should be carefully investigated.

Identification of Prognostic Related Hub Genes in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Bioinformatical Analysis

Objective To identify new genes that correlate with prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)via bioinformatics analysis.Methods The gene expression profiles of 62 ccRCC and 54 normal kidney tissues were available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database:GSE12606,GSE36895 and GSE66272.The differentially expressed genes were screened with GEO2R and J Venn online tools.Functional annotation including Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)was applied to identify the possible function of the hub genes involved in prognosis of ccRCC.In protein protein interaction network(PPI network),the STRING online tool was used to visualize the network of the differentially expressed genes,and the core gene was selected by MCODE App in Cytoscape software.Finally,GEPIA Survival Plot was performed to assess genes associated with worse survival.Results We totally found 648 diflerentially expressed genes,including 222 up-regulated genes and 426 down-regulated genes.PPI network showed that in 28 up-regulated genes 7(CCNE2,CDK1,CDC6,CCNB2,BUB1,TTK and PTTG1)enriched in cell cycle and 4 genes(CCNE2,CDK1,CCNB2 and RRM2)enriched in p53 signaling pathway.GEPIA Survival Plot assay revealed that ccRCC patients carrying CDK1,CCNB2,RRM2t BUB1,and PTTG1 had a worse survival.GEPIA Box Plot showed that BUB1,CCNB2,PTTG1,and RRM2 were over expressed in the ccRCC tissues in contrast to the normal tissues(P<O.OS).Conclusion ccRCC patients with the four up-regulated differentially expressed genes including BUB1,CCNB2,PTTG1,and RRM2 might manifest a poor prognosis.

基于全基因组从头测序技术盐肤木叶绿体基因组的测序分析

盐肤木是一种重要的经济树种,可为医药和工业染料提供原料。盐肤木具有较强的抗旱、耐寒、耐盐,可在温带、暖温带和亚热带地区生长。本研究首次对盐肤木叶绿体基因组进行从头测序(de novo sequencing)组装研究。结果表明,盐肤木叶绿体基因组长度为159082 bp,具有典型的四部分结构,两个单拷贝区被一对反向重复区分隔。LSC和SSC的长度分别为85394 bp和18663 bp。叶绿体基因组总共编码126个基因,其中包括88个蛋白编码基因,8个rRNA基因,30个tRNA基因。在叶绿体基因组中,61.97%的序列为基因编码区。在盐肤木叶绿体基因组中,只有8个基因含有内含子,除ycf3基因(2个内含子)外,其余均含有1个内含子。盐肤木叶绿体基因组总共存在755个SSR位点。SSR主要由二核苷酸和单核苷酸组成,分别占60%(453)和28.74%(217)。聚类分析结果表明,漆树科与盐肤木最为接近,其次为槭树科和无患子科。本研究为盐肤木的分类提供了分子基础。本研究是关于盐肤木叶绿体基因组的首次报道,对了解其光合作用、进化和叶绿体转基因工程具有重要意义。