Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the lethal form of prostate cancer and most commonly remains dependent on androgen receptor(AR)signaling.Current therapies use AR signaling inhibitors(ARSI)exemplified by abirat...Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the lethal form of prostate cancer and most commonly remains dependent on androgen receptor(AR)signaling.Current therapies use AR signaling inhibitors(ARSI)exemplified by abiraterone acetate,a P450c17 inhibitor,and enzalutamide,a potent AR antagonist.However,drug resistance to these agents occurs within 12-18 months and they only prolong overall survival by 3-4 months.Multiple mechanisms can contribute to ARSI drug resistance.These mechanisms can include but are not limited to germline mutations in the AR,post-transcriptional alterations in AR structure,and adaptive expression of genes involved in the intracrine biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens within the tumor.This review focuses on intracrine androgen biosynthesis,how this can contribute to ARSI drug resistance,and therapeutic strategies that can be used to surmount these resistance mechanisms.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Science(P30ES013508)(to Penning TM)by DoD Idea Development grant from the National Cancer Institute(W81XWH-17-1-0404 and R01CA249210)(Asangani IA)and by Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program(W81XWH-17-1-0484,W81XWH-17-2-0323,W81XWH-20-1-0146),Lopker Foundation,Institute for Prostate Cancer Research,and Veterans Affairs Research Program(to Sprenger C and Plymate S).
文摘Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the lethal form of prostate cancer and most commonly remains dependent on androgen receptor(AR)signaling.Current therapies use AR signaling inhibitors(ARSI)exemplified by abiraterone acetate,a P450c17 inhibitor,and enzalutamide,a potent AR antagonist.However,drug resistance to these agents occurs within 12-18 months and they only prolong overall survival by 3-4 months.Multiple mechanisms can contribute to ARSI drug resistance.These mechanisms can include but are not limited to germline mutations in the AR,post-transcriptional alterations in AR structure,and adaptive expression of genes involved in the intracrine biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens within the tumor.This review focuses on intracrine androgen biosynthesis,how this can contribute to ARSI drug resistance,and therapeutic strategies that can be used to surmount these resistance mechanisms.
