用差热分析测定玻璃析晶过程的核化速率曲线

本方法通过对玻璃试样 DTA 数据的处理,改进了玻璃晶化过程中成核速率随温度变化曲线的测定方法。此法比用光学显微镜,对试样中可见晶粒进行计数的传统方法,更快速而简便。本实验确认,Li_2O·2SiO_2玻璃的成核速率曲线(I-T)和晶体生长速度曲线(U-T)不重叠。该系统的 DTA 曲线中,晶体放热峰的高度δT可看成是试样中晶核数量的大小。实验还证明,在确定成核温度范围和成核速率达最大值的最佳温度方面,峰高δT随温度变化的曲线可以代替成核速率 I 随温度变化的曲线。由固体相变理论推出的结论,证明了本实验方法的可行性。

Preparation and elements analysis of porous fluorescent glasses

A large variety of porous fluorescent glasses were prepared and the concentration of different elements in these glasses was analyzed. The start porous glasses were soaked in a solution containing soluble salts and then heated at 650 ℃ for 3 h to decompose the salts in the pores into oxides. Fluorescent agents, such as UO3, Eu2O3, were impregnated into the porous glasses to prepare the fluorescent glasses. The results show that soaking is a feasible method to prepare the glass sphere with compositions distinguishable from each other and easy to be located in a complicated background. Six or more components can be impregnated together into one glass sample and the concentration of them can be analyzed accurately. UO3 and Eu2O3 can be impregnated into porous glass to make the glass strongly fluorescent. Higher concentration of Eu2O3 produces stronger fluorescence while higher concentration of UO3 reduces the fluorescence intensity because of the concentration quenching effect.

玻璃纤维增强热塑性有机复合材料界面强度及其对材料力学性能的影响

本文研究了 BK-10玻璃纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯两种热塑性有机基复合材料中纤维与基体界面强度的测量、控制及其对复合材料性能的影响。用有机硅烷耦联剂涂覆纤维表面可以提高纤维与基体的界面强度并相应提高复合材料的力学性能。实验发现四种基体纤维界面破坏形式分别存在于界面强度强和弱的韧性和脆性基体复合材料体系中。选用折光率相匹配的基体和纤维,适当控制制备工艺可以制备出光学透明的复合材料。