Analysis and Evaluation of the Global Aerosol Optical Properties Simulated by an Online Aerosol-coupled Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model

Aerosol optical properties are simulated using the Spectral Radiation Transport Model I~）r Aerosol Species （SPRINTARS） coupled with the Non-hydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model （NICAM）. The 3-year global mean all-sky aerosol optical thickness （AOT） at 550 nm, theAngstr/Sm Exponent （AE） based on AOTs at 440 and 870 nm, and the single scattering albedo （SSA） at 550 nm are estimated at 0.123, 0.657 and 0.944, respectively. For each aerosol species, the mean AOT is within the range of the AeroCom models. Both the modeled all-sky and clear-sky results are compared with observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and the Aerosol Robotic Network （AERONET）. The simulated spatiotemporal distributions of all-sky AOTs can generally reproduce the MODIS retrievals, and the correlation and model skill can be slightly improved using the clear-sky results over most land regions. The differences between clear-sky and all-sky AOTs are larger over polluted regions. Compared with observations from AERONET, the modeled and observed all-sky AOTs and AEs are generally in reasonable agreement, whereas the SSA variation is not well captured. Although the spatiotemporal distributions of all-sky and clear-sky results are similar, the clear-sky results are generally better correlated with the observations. The clear-sky AOT and SSA are generally lower than the all-sky results, especially in those regions where the aerosol chemical composition is contributed to mostly by sulfate aerosol. The modeled clear-sky AE is larger than the all-sky AE over those regions dominated by hydrophilic aerosol, while the＇opposite is found over regions dominated by hydrophobic aerosol.

Estimation of aerosol properties over the Chinese desert region with MODIS AOD assimilation in a global model

A Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter assimilation system has been implemented into an aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model to simulate the aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical properties of 3 desert sites(Ansai, Fukang, Shapotou) in northwestern China. One-month experiment results of April 2006 reveal that the data assimilation can correct the much overestimated aerosol surface mass concentration, and has a strong positive effect on the aerosol optical depth(AOD) simulation, improving agreement with observations. Improvement is limited with the?ngstr€om Exponent(AE) simulation, except for much improved correlation coefficient and model skill scores over the Ansai site. Better agreement of the AOD spatial distribution with the independent observations of Terra(Deep Blue) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR) AODs is obtained by assimilating the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) AOD product, especially for regions with AODs lower than 0.30. This study confirms the usefulness of the remote sensing observations for the improvement of global aerosol modeling.

空间辐射基准传递不确定性的光谱敏感性分析

空间辐射基准对卫星观测气候变化的研究具有重要意义,空间辐射基准的建立不仅可以提高卫星自身观测的相对精度,而且还能通过基准传递来满足其他卫星的在轨溯源需求,用于基准传递的空间高光谱基准遥感器的光谱分辨率对传递相对精度有重要影响。分别利用MODTRAN模式和AER LBL模式的模拟结果作为高光谱遥感器的太阳反射波段和地球热发射波段的代理数据,分析了光谱采样对光谱辐射观测结果的影响以及光谱采样差异引起的辐射基准传递的不确定性。考虑5种下垫面和6种大气条件,对比了不同光谱采样间隔下光谱辐射的差异,并利用敏感性实验的方法,以MERSI-II为目标遥感器,评估了空间辐射基准交叉传递的光谱不确定性。结果表明:光谱采样间隔越大,光谱辐射的差异越大,在气体吸收区、绝对辐射低信号区、近紫外太阳光谱暗线区的最大辐射差异可达100%;在大气窗区,当太阳反射波段的光谱采样间隔优于4nm时,基准传递的不确定性小于0.3%,当地球热发射波段光谱的采样间隔优于2cm-1时,不确定性可小于0.1K;在近紫外太阳光谱暗线区和气体吸收区,太阳反射波段的基准传递对光谱采样十分敏感,当采样间隔为4nm时,中心波长为1.38μm的通道的不确定性可达40%,当地球热发射波段在7.2μm水汽弱吸收区时,光谱采样间隔优于0.8cm-1才能满足不确定性小于0.1K的需求。