高灵敏度的红外探测系统对于远距离探测有巨大的潜力,但光学系统内部的噪声会抑制探测系统的信噪比,从而降低探测灵敏度与探测距离.本文基于红外超导纳米线单光子探测器,设计了一个工作在中红外波段的光学系统,构建了红外光学系统自发...高灵敏度的红外探测系统对于远距离探测有巨大的潜力,但光学系统内部的噪声会抑制探测系统的信噪比,从而降低探测灵敏度与探测距离.本文基于红外超导纳米线单光子探测器,设计了一个工作在中红外波段的光学系统,构建了红外光学系统自发辐射计算模型,理论分析了红外光学系统的信噪比和噪声特性.首次提出了利用高性能超导单光子探测器精确表征红外光学系统的微弱背景辐射光信号,为优化设计红外系统提供了依据.并且基于超导单光子探测器的光子计数能力,研究了光学系统的背景辐射对红外探测系统性能的影响,并优化了光学系统的性能.实验结果表明,超导单光子探测器对于分析红外光学系统具有较高的灵敏度,最小可分辨移动距离为2.74×10^(-2)mm,在黑体温度为100℃时,光子计数率提高了6.4×10^(4)cps(1 cps=1 cycle per second),光学系统的耦合效率提升了97%;在黑体温度为102℃时,光子计数率提高了9.1×10^(4)cps,光学系统的耦合效率提升了114%,降低了杂散辐射对探测系统的影响,同等条件下系统信噪比提升2.7倍,对于超导红外探测系统的应用研究具有重要意义.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,0...Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,China.Anthropometric indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were utilized.Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of obesity.Results We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)=0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR=0.68;95%CI=0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.09,3.91).Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood obesity.Children and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.展开更多
文摘高灵敏度的红外探测系统对于远距离探测有巨大的潜力,但光学系统内部的噪声会抑制探测系统的信噪比,从而降低探测灵敏度与探测距离.本文基于红外超导纳米线单光子探测器,设计了一个工作在中红外波段的光学系统,构建了红外光学系统自发辐射计算模型,理论分析了红外光学系统的信噪比和噪声特性.首次提出了利用高性能超导单光子探测器精确表征红外光学系统的微弱背景辐射光信号,为优化设计红外系统提供了依据.并且基于超导单光子探测器的光子计数能力,研究了光学系统的背景辐射对红外探测系统性能的影响,并优化了光学系统的性能.实验结果表明,超导单光子探测器对于分析红外光学系统具有较高的灵敏度,最小可分辨移动距离为2.74×10^(-2)mm,在黑体温度为100℃时,光子计数率提高了6.4×10^(4)cps(1 cps=1 cycle per second),光学系统的耦合效率提升了97%;在黑体温度为102℃时,光子计数率提高了9.1×10^(4)cps,光学系统的耦合效率提升了114%,降低了杂散辐射对探测系统的影响,同等条件下系统信噪比提升2.7倍,对于超导红外探测系统的应用研究具有重要意义.
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Medical Reform Major Program:China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults[2015-2017]Qianrang Zhu is funded by a China Scholarship Council PhD Scholarship[No.202109110099].
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,China.Anthropometric indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were utilized.Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of obesity.Results We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)=0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR=0.68;95%CI=0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.09,3.91).Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood obesity.Children and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.
