Inorganic Nanozyme with Combined Self-Oxygenation/Degradable Capabilities for Sensitized Cancer Immunochemotherapy

Recently emerged cancer immunochemotherapy has provided enormous new possibilities to replace traditional chemotherapy in fighting tumor.However,the treatment efficacy is hampered by tumor hypoxiainduced immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment(TME).Herein,we fabricated a self-oxygenation/degradable inorganic nanozyme with a core-shell structure to relieve tumor hypoxia in cancer immunochemotherapy.By integrating the biocompatible CaO2 as the oxygen-storing component,this strategy is more effective than the earlier designed nanocarriers for delivering oxygen or H2O2,and thus provides remarkable oxygenation and long-term capability in relieving hypoxia throughout the tumor tissue.Consequently,in vivo tests validate that the delivery system can successfully relieve hypoxia and reverse the immunosuppressive TME to favor antitumor immune responses,leading to enhanced chemoimmunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade.Overall,a facile,robust and effective strategy is proposed to improve tumor oxygenation by using self-decomposable and biocompatible inorganic nanozyme reactor,which will not only provide an innovative pathway to relieve intratumoral hypoxia,but also present potential applications in other oxygen-favored cancer therapies or oxygen deficiency-originated diseases.

DOX-CONJUGATED HIGH-QUALITY AgZnInS QDs FOR REVERSAL OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE

The synthesis of water-soluble quantum dots(QDs)has recently received extensive attention dueto noninvasive detection of biological information in living subjects.In this paper,high-qualitywater-soluble(cadmium-free)quaternary AgZnlnS QDs have been successfully synthesized usinga green synthetic route.The as-prepared QDs exhibit tunable photoluminescence(PL)emissionbetween 521 and 658 nm.Secondly,multidrug resistance(MDR)is a major impedinent to theeffective cancer chemot herapy,DOx,a widely used antit umor drug was modified on the surfaceof the QDs in this study.It,therefore,ignificantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DX to MDRcancer cells as the QDs could bring the DoX to nucleus.

Non-intrusive Load Monitoring Based on Graph Total Variation for Residential Appliances

Non-intrusive load monitoring is a technique for monitoring the operating conditions of electrical appliances by collecting the aggregated electrical information at the household power inlet.Despite several studies on the mining of unique load characteristics,few studies have extensively considered the high computational burden and sample training.Based on lowfrequency sampling data,a non-intrusive load monitoring algorithm utilizing the graph total variation(GTV)is proposed in this study.The algorithm can effectively depict the load state without the need for prior training.First,the combined Kmeans clustering algorithm and graph signals are used to build concise and accurate graph structures as load models.The GTV representing the internal structure of the graph signal is introduced as the optimization model and solved using the augmented Lagrangian iterative algorithm.The introduction of the difference operator reduces the computing cost and addresses the inaccurate reconstruction of the graph signal.With low-frequency sampling data,the algorithm only requires a little prior data and no training,thereby reducing the computing cost.Experiments conducted using the reference energy disaggregation dataset and almanac of minutely power dataset demonstrated the stable superiority of the algorithm and its low computational burden.

Inorganic virus-like nanoparticles for biomedical applications:a minireview

Nature has the ingenious capability to design spiky topological features at the macro-and nanoscales,which exhibits fascinating interface adhesive properties by means of multivalent interactions.Following a biomimetic approach,such as nanoscale virus particles are highly infectious toward host cells,a range of organic and inorganic spiky particles(virus-like nanostructures)have been precisely engineered for diverse biomedical applications.Generally,organic virus-like particles(VLPs)derived from viral capsids(often termed as virosomes)have been extensively studied and reviewed,but concomitant concerns regarding immunogenicity and risks of mutagenesis limit clinical potential of organic VLPs.In contrast,inorganic VLPs(viral-mimicking topography)possess fascinating physicochemical characteristics,such as excellent electrical,optical,magnetic,mechanical and catalytic properties,which make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications.Alternatively,there is no comprehensive review related to inorganic VLPs engineered with non-viral shell for biomedical applications.Hence,in this review,we present a brief overview on inorganic VLPs,followed by summarizing the construction and properties of virus-like nanostructures,as well as the mechanisms of nano-bio interface interactions initiated by spiky topography.Furthermore,we focus on the recent advances of VLPs for biomedical applications(including biosensing,antibacterial therapy and cancer treatment).Finally,the future outlook and emerging challenges will be presented.This review aims to provide future scope of the rational design of inorganic non-viral vectors,especially with respect to gene-based therapy platforms.

Monitoring the pH fluctuation of lysosome under cell stress using a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe

Cell stress responses are associated with numerous diseases including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Several events occur under cell stress, in which, are protein expression and organellespecific pH fluctuation. To understand the lysosomal pH variation under cell stress, a novel NIR ratiometric pH-responsive fluorescent probe(BLT) with lysosomes localization capability was developed.The quinoline ring of BLT combined with hydrogen ion which triggered the rearrangement of π electrons conjugated at low pH medium, meanwhile, the absorption and fluorescent spectra of BLT showed a red-shifts, which gived a ratiometric signal. Moreover, the probe BLT with a suitable p Kavalue has the potential to discern changes in lysosomal pH, either induced by heat stress or oxidative stress or acetaminophen-induced(APAP) injury stress. Importantly, this ratiometric fluorescent probe innovatively tracks pH changes in lysosome in APAP-induced liver injury in live cells, mice, and zebrafish. The probe BLT as a novel fluorescent probe possesses important value for exploring lysosomal-associated physiological varieties of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.