花榈木是中国传统中药,其代谢产物常用于治疗跌打损伤,具有重要的药用价值,然而目前人们对花榈木的药用化学成分如生物碱合成并不清楚。本研究对花榈木不同组织进行了代谢组和转录组学分析,结果表明花榈木中含有的生物碱大部分属于喹诺...花榈木是中国传统中药,其代谢产物常用于治疗跌打损伤,具有重要的药用价值,然而目前人们对花榈木的药用化学成分如生物碱合成并不清楚。本研究对花榈木不同组织进行了代谢组和转录组学分析,结果表明花榈木中含有的生物碱大部分属于喹诺里西啶类生物碱(Quinolizidine Alkaloids,QA)。进一步分析发现,QA生物合成的2个关键酶,赖氨酸脱羧酶(LDC)和铜胺氧化酶(CAO)在生物碱合成中起重要作用。结合花榈木转录组结果对其编码基因克隆,得到了1290 bp、2268 bp CDS序列,分别命名为OhpLDC和OhpCAO1。生物信息学分析结果表明,OhpLDC和OhpCAO1编码的蛋白质相对分子质量分别为4.63×10^(4)和8.44×10^(4),均无跨膜区域和信号肽。OhpLDC编码的氨基酸序列具有保守的底物结合位点Phe340,分析发现OhpLDC与豆科植物中的LDC基因在进化上具有较近的亲缘关系。OhpCAO1编码的氨基酸序列中具有保守结构域“NY-Y”,以及3个组氨酸保守位点,与狭叶羽扇豆的CAO1亲缘关系最近。本研究结果为解析花榈木QA的生物合成途径提供了重要基础。展开更多
针对云计算环境下的多目标任务调度问题,提出一种新的基于Q学习的多目标优化任务调度算法(Multi-objective Task Scheduling Algorithm based on Q-learning,QM TS).该算法的主要思想是:首先,在任务排序阶段利用Q-learning算法中的自学...针对云计算环境下的多目标任务调度问题,提出一种新的基于Q学习的多目标优化任务调度算法(Multi-objective Task Scheduling Algorithm based on Q-learning,QM TS).该算法的主要思想是:首先,在任务排序阶段利用Q-learning算法中的自学习过程得到更加合理的任务序列;然后,在虚拟机分配阶段使用线性加权法综合考虑任务最早完成时间和计算节点的计算成本,达到同时优化多目标问题的目的;最后,以产生更小的makespan和总成本为目标函数对任务进行调度,得到任务完成后的实验结果.实验结果表明,QMTS算法在使用Q-learning对任务进行排序后可以得到比HEFT算法更小的makespan;并且根据优化多目标调度策略在任务执行过程中减少了makespan和总成本,是一种有效的多目标优化任务调度算法.展开更多
A rice heading-date-related mutant was isolated from a ^60Co-y-ray-induced mutation pool of Zhejing 22, a conventional japonica cultivar in Zhejiang Province, China. The mutant was characterized by a delayed heading d...A rice heading-date-related mutant was isolated from a ^60Co-y-ray-induced mutation pool of Zhejing 22, a conventional japonica cultivar in Zhejiang Province, China. The mutant was characterized by a delayed heading date of almost 20 d longer than the wild type plant. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was controlled by a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene that was designed as HD（t） （heading date tentatively）. To isolate the HD（t） gene, a map-based cloning approach was employed using 479 F2 mutant individual plants derived from the cross between the hd（t） mutant （japonica） x Zhenshan 97 （indica）. Finally, the HD（t） gene was mapped to an approximate 53 kb region between the insertion and deletion （InDel） markers of 10-61W and 10-66W on chromosome 10. According to the genome sequence of Nipponbare, the target region contains 11 annotated genes. It is helpful for future cloning of HD（t） gene based on this fine mapping results.展开更多
Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOP...Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOPD and the associated factors. Methods A multi-center, retrospective study was conducted in the four hospitals in Beijing including two level III hospitals and two level II hospitals. Patients with AECOPD admitted to the hospitals between January and December in 2006 were enrolled. The hospitalization cost and its relationship with disease severity and treatment were analyzed. Results Totally 439 patients were enrolled with 294 men （67.0%） and a mean age 73.4 years. The mean hospital stay was 20.7 days. A total of 204 patients （46.5%） had respiratory failure, 153 （34.9%） with cor pulmonale, 123 （28.0%） with coronary artery disease, 231 （52.6%） with hypertension, 70 （15.9%） with cerebrovascular disease and 32 （7.3%） with renal failure. The percentage of drug cost to total cost was the highest （71.2%）, followed by laboratory cost （16.7%）, therapy cost （9.7%）, oxygen cost （7.3%）, radiology cost （4.5%）, examination cost （4.5%）, bed cost （4.1%）. Correlation analysis showed that cost was positively correlated with age, hospitalization days, co-morbidities such as respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, hypertension. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were further analyzed. The hospitalization cost increased in patients with non-invasive ventilation （P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （P〈0.01）, ICU stay （P〈0.01）, antibiotics （P〈0.05）, systemic steroids （P〈0.01）, and poor prognosis （P〈0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the hospitalization cost was negatively correlated with percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1%） （r=-0.149, P〈0.05）, pH （r=-0.258, P〈0.01）, and PaO2 （r=-0.131, P〈0.05）, positively correlated with PaCO2 （r=0.319, P〈0.01）, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （r=0.375, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.463, P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （r=0.416, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.511, P〈0.01）, ICU stay （r=0.390, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.650, P〈0.01）, antibiotics （r=0.140, P〈0.05） and systemic steroids （r=0.202, P〈0.01）. Conclusions AECOPD had a great impact on healthcare resources utilization. Disease severity, use of non-invasive or invasive ventilation, ICU stay and usage of antibiotics and systemic steroids were the major determinants of hospitalization cost. Long-term regular treatment aimed at reducing the frequency of acute exacerbation will lower the social and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.展开更多
文摘花榈木是中国传统中药,其代谢产物常用于治疗跌打损伤,具有重要的药用价值,然而目前人们对花榈木的药用化学成分如生物碱合成并不清楚。本研究对花榈木不同组织进行了代谢组和转录组学分析,结果表明花榈木中含有的生物碱大部分属于喹诺里西啶类生物碱(Quinolizidine Alkaloids,QA)。进一步分析发现,QA生物合成的2个关键酶,赖氨酸脱羧酶(LDC)和铜胺氧化酶(CAO)在生物碱合成中起重要作用。结合花榈木转录组结果对其编码基因克隆,得到了1290 bp、2268 bp CDS序列,分别命名为OhpLDC和OhpCAO1。生物信息学分析结果表明,OhpLDC和OhpCAO1编码的蛋白质相对分子质量分别为4.63×10^(4)和8.44×10^(4),均无跨膜区域和信号肽。OhpLDC编码的氨基酸序列具有保守的底物结合位点Phe340,分析发现OhpLDC与豆科植物中的LDC基因在进化上具有较近的亲缘关系。OhpCAO1编码的氨基酸序列中具有保守结构域“NY-Y”,以及3个组氨酸保守位点,与狭叶羽扇豆的CAO1亲缘关系最近。本研究结果为解析花榈木QA的生物合成途径提供了重要基础。
文摘针对云计算环境下的多目标任务调度问题,提出一种新的基于Q学习的多目标优化任务调度算法(Multi-objective Task Scheduling Algorithm based on Q-learning,QM TS).该算法的主要思想是:首先,在任务排序阶段利用Q-learning算法中的自学习过程得到更加合理的任务序列;然后,在虚拟机分配阶段使用线性加权法综合考虑任务最早完成时间和计算节点的计算成本,达到同时优化多目标问题的目的;最后,以产生更小的makespan和总成本为目标函数对任务进行调度,得到任务完成后的实验结果.实验结果表明,QMTS算法在使用Q-learning对任务进行排序后可以得到比HEFT算法更小的makespan;并且根据优化多目标调度策略在任务执行过程中减少了makespan和总成本,是一种有效的多目标优化任务调度算法.
基金supported by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(Grant Nos.200803034 and 2011ZX08001001)the Zhejiang Provincial and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.Y3080361 and 31071207)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2004C12020)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(Grant No.201103007)the Special Fund of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science,China
文摘A rice heading-date-related mutant was isolated from a ^60Co-y-ray-induced mutation pool of Zhejing 22, a conventional japonica cultivar in Zhejiang Province, China. The mutant was characterized by a delayed heading date of almost 20 d longer than the wild type plant. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was controlled by a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene that was designed as HD（t） （heading date tentatively）. To isolate the HD（t） gene, a map-based cloning approach was employed using 479 F2 mutant individual plants derived from the cross between the hd（t） mutant （japonica） x Zhenshan 97 （indica）. Finally, the HD（t） gene was mapped to an approximate 53 kb region between the insertion and deletion （InDel） markers of 10-61W and 10-66W on chromosome 10. According to the genome sequence of Nipponbare, the target region contains 11 annotated genes. It is helpful for future cloning of HD（t） gene based on this fine mapping results.
文摘Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOPD and the associated factors. Methods A multi-center, retrospective study was conducted in the four hospitals in Beijing including two level III hospitals and two level II hospitals. Patients with AECOPD admitted to the hospitals between January and December in 2006 were enrolled. The hospitalization cost and its relationship with disease severity and treatment were analyzed. Results Totally 439 patients were enrolled with 294 men （67.0%） and a mean age 73.4 years. The mean hospital stay was 20.7 days. A total of 204 patients （46.5%） had respiratory failure, 153 （34.9%） with cor pulmonale, 123 （28.0%） with coronary artery disease, 231 （52.6%） with hypertension, 70 （15.9%） with cerebrovascular disease and 32 （7.3%） with renal failure. The percentage of drug cost to total cost was the highest （71.2%）, followed by laboratory cost （16.7%）, therapy cost （9.7%）, oxygen cost （7.3%）, radiology cost （4.5%）, examination cost （4.5%）, bed cost （4.1%）. Correlation analysis showed that cost was positively correlated with age, hospitalization days, co-morbidities such as respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, hypertension. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were further analyzed. The hospitalization cost increased in patients with non-invasive ventilation （P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （P〈0.01）, ICU stay （P〈0.01）, antibiotics （P〈0.05）, systemic steroids （P〈0.01）, and poor prognosis （P〈0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the hospitalization cost was negatively correlated with percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1%） （r=-0.149, P〈0.05）, pH （r=-0.258, P〈0.01）, and PaO2 （r=-0.131, P〈0.05）, positively correlated with PaCO2 （r=0.319, P〈0.01）, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （r=0.375, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.463, P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （r=0.416, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.511, P〈0.01）, ICU stay （r=0.390, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.650, P〈0.01）, antibiotics （r=0.140, P〈0.05） and systemic steroids （r=0.202, P〈0.01）. Conclusions AECOPD had a great impact on healthcare resources utilization. Disease severity, use of non-invasive or invasive ventilation, ICU stay and usage of antibiotics and systemic steroids were the major determinants of hospitalization cost. Long-term regular treatment aimed at reducing the frequency of acute exacerbation will lower the social and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.
