异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南...异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南繁种业从单一的繁殖加代向资源引进和评价、育种选择、纯度检测、种质交流和产权保护等在内的全产业链模式转变,实现从海南冬繁到周年育种的转变,将海南的南繁地理和生态优势转化为南繁与育种相整合的全产业链优势,加快育种进展、提高育种效率,促进种业发展。本文讨论了海南地理生态优势与南繁种业现状,南繁种业转型升级的必要性和可能性,以及所面临的挑战和机遇。实现南繁种业的转型升级有赖于异地选择观念的转变、国家相关政策的支持、分子育种平台的支撑、生物安全防控、品种保护制度的建立和完善、资源共享和交流机制的形成。数量和群体遗传、基因型和环境互作、分子设计和大数据构成了南繁种业转型升级所需的育种理论。分子设计包括宏观水平的个体设计、群体设计和物种设计,微观水平的基因设计、代谢设计和网络设计。高通量精准表现型鉴定、环境型鉴定、信息处理和网络技术、决策支撑系统等是南繁种业转型升级所需的育种平台。作为分子育种的核心支撑,现已发展了基于靶向测序-液相芯片的基因型检测(genotyping by target sequencing and liquid chip,GBTS-LC)技术,通过GenoPlexs可以实现高达5000对标记引物高度均一的多重PCR靶向扩增,而基于液态探针捕获的GenoBaits,可以获取高达40K个目标位点(每个位点包含多个SNP)。该技术具有平台广适性、标记灵活性、检测高效性、信息可加性、支撑便捷性、应用广普性,已成为分子育种中取代固相芯片的重要分子检测技术。要实现“海南育种,全国测试”,需要构建包括高效育种设施、快速育种、转基因和基因编辑技术、双单倍体育种技术、全基因组选择等在内的综合育种体系。为此,要倡导资源共享的开源育种模式,建设横跨动植物的共性方法、技术和平台,开展资源引进、监测和评价,构建种质资源指纹图谱,强化品种权保护、种子质量控制和纯度检测。希望借此推进有关南繁种业转型升级的公众讨论和政府决策,从而推进整个种业的科技进步和现代化。展开更多
Alternative splicing can generate multiple mRNAs that differ in their untranslated regions or coding sequences,and these differences might affect mRNA stability or result in different protein isoforms with diverse fun...Alternative splicing can generate multiple mRNAs that differ in their untranslated regions or coding sequences,and these differences might affect mRNA stability or result in different protein isoforms with diverse functions and/or localizations.In this study,we isolated a sterile mutant in rice with abnormal meiosis of microspore mother cells and megaspore mother cells that carried a point mutation in OsRAD1 gene.Cloning of OsRAD1 cDNAs revealed three transcript variants,named as OsRAD1.1,OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3,respectively,which were derived from alternative splicing of the last intron.Proteins derived from the three transcripts were mostly identical except the difference in the very C-terminal domain.The three transcripts exhibited similar expression patterns in various tissues,but the expression level of OsRAD1.1 was the highest.Specific knockout of OsRAD1.1 led to sterility,while knockout of OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3 together did not change the plant fertility.Overexpression of OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3 cDNAs in OsRAD1.1-specific mutant did not complement the plant fertility.Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsRAD1.1,but not OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3,interacted with the three other meiosis proteins OsHUS1,OsRAD9 and OsRAD17,suggesting that the C-terminal domain of OsRAD1.1 is critical for the protein function.展开更多
Accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic marks including DNA methylation,small RNA and histone modification may involve hybrid vigor in plants.However,knowledge about how epigenetic marks in hybrids regulat...Accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic marks including DNA methylation,small RNA and histone modification may involve hybrid vigor in plants.However,knowledge about how epigenetic marks in hybrids regulate gene expression is still limited.Based on genome-wide DNA methylation landscapes of Arabidopsis thaliana Ler and C24 ecotypes and their reciprocal F1 hybrids which were obtained in our previous work,we analyzed allele-specific DNA methylation and distinguished cis-and trans-regulated DNA methylation in hybrids.Our study indicated that both cis-and trans-regulated DNA methylation played roles in hybrids,when cis-regulation played a major role in CG methylation and trans-regulation played major roles in CHG and CHH methylation.In addition,we observed correlations between trans-regulated DNA methylation and siRNA densities.Enriched siRNA regions were significantly concurrent with highly trans-regulated DNA methylation regions.Our results illustrated DNA methylation regulation patterns integrated with siRNAs in Arabidopsis hybrids,and shed light on understanding the mechanism of epigenetic reprogramming for hybrid vigor.展开更多
文摘异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南繁种业从单一的繁殖加代向资源引进和评价、育种选择、纯度检测、种质交流和产权保护等在内的全产业链模式转变,实现从海南冬繁到周年育种的转变,将海南的南繁地理和生态优势转化为南繁与育种相整合的全产业链优势,加快育种进展、提高育种效率,促进种业发展。本文讨论了海南地理生态优势与南繁种业现状,南繁种业转型升级的必要性和可能性,以及所面临的挑战和机遇。实现南繁种业的转型升级有赖于异地选择观念的转变、国家相关政策的支持、分子育种平台的支撑、生物安全防控、品种保护制度的建立和完善、资源共享和交流机制的形成。数量和群体遗传、基因型和环境互作、分子设计和大数据构成了南繁种业转型升级所需的育种理论。分子设计包括宏观水平的个体设计、群体设计和物种设计,微观水平的基因设计、代谢设计和网络设计。高通量精准表现型鉴定、环境型鉴定、信息处理和网络技术、决策支撑系统等是南繁种业转型升级所需的育种平台。作为分子育种的核心支撑,现已发展了基于靶向测序-液相芯片的基因型检测(genotyping by target sequencing and liquid chip,GBTS-LC)技术,通过GenoPlexs可以实现高达5000对标记引物高度均一的多重PCR靶向扩增,而基于液态探针捕获的GenoBaits,可以获取高达40K个目标位点(每个位点包含多个SNP)。该技术具有平台广适性、标记灵活性、检测高效性、信息可加性、支撑便捷性、应用广普性,已成为分子育种中取代固相芯片的重要分子检测技术。要实现“海南育种,全国测试”,需要构建包括高效育种设施、快速育种、转基因和基因编辑技术、双单倍体育种技术、全基因组选择等在内的综合育种体系。为此,要倡导资源共享的开源育种模式,建设横跨动植物的共性方法、技术和平台,开展资源引进、监测和评价,构建种质资源指纹图谱,强化品种权保护、种子质量控制和纯度检测。希望借此推进有关南繁种业转型升级的公众讨论和政府决策,从而推进整个种业的科技进步和现代化。
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.B030308008,2017A030310500 and A03013104)National Key Research and Development Plan Program(Grant Nos.2016YFD0101801 and 2016YFD0100406)+2 种基金Shenzhen Commission on Innovation and Technology Programs(Grant No.JCYJ20160229204920363)Guangzhou Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.201804010034)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31500254).
文摘Alternative splicing can generate multiple mRNAs that differ in their untranslated regions or coding sequences,and these differences might affect mRNA stability or result in different protein isoforms with diverse functions and/or localizations.In this study,we isolated a sterile mutant in rice with abnormal meiosis of microspore mother cells and megaspore mother cells that carried a point mutation in OsRAD1 gene.Cloning of OsRAD1 cDNAs revealed three transcript variants,named as OsRAD1.1,OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3,respectively,which were derived from alternative splicing of the last intron.Proteins derived from the three transcripts were mostly identical except the difference in the very C-terminal domain.The three transcripts exhibited similar expression patterns in various tissues,but the expression level of OsRAD1.1 was the highest.Specific knockout of OsRAD1.1 led to sterility,while knockout of OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3 together did not change the plant fertility.Overexpression of OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3 cDNAs in OsRAD1.1-specific mutant did not complement the plant fertility.Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsRAD1.1,but not OsRAD1.2 and OsRAD1.3,interacted with the three other meiosis proteins OsHUS1,OsRAD9 and OsRAD17,suggesting that the C-terminal domain of OsRAD1.1 is critical for the protein function.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013CBA01402)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012CB910900)+1 种基金Ministry of Agriculture of China(2010ZX08010-003)Peking University 985 Program
文摘Accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic marks including DNA methylation,small RNA and histone modification may involve hybrid vigor in plants.However,knowledge about how epigenetic marks in hybrids regulate gene expression is still limited.Based on genome-wide DNA methylation landscapes of Arabidopsis thaliana Ler and C24 ecotypes and their reciprocal F1 hybrids which were obtained in our previous work,we analyzed allele-specific DNA methylation and distinguished cis-and trans-regulated DNA methylation in hybrids.Our study indicated that both cis-and trans-regulated DNA methylation played roles in hybrids,when cis-regulation played a major role in CG methylation and trans-regulation played major roles in CHG and CHH methylation.In addition,we observed correlations between trans-regulated DNA methylation and siRNA densities.Enriched siRNA regions were significantly concurrent with highly trans-regulated DNA methylation regions.Our results illustrated DNA methylation regulation patterns integrated with siRNAs in Arabidopsis hybrids,and shed light on understanding the mechanism of epigenetic reprogramming for hybrid vigor.
