The social transformation brought aboutby digital technology is deeply impacting various industries.Digital education products, with core technologiessuch as 5G, AI, IoT (Internet of Things),etc., are continuously pen...The social transformation brought aboutby digital technology is deeply impacting various industries.Digital education products, with core technologiessuch as 5G, AI, IoT (Internet of Things),etc., are continuously penetrating areas such as teaching,management, and evaluation. Apps, miniprograms,and emerging large-scale models are providingexcellent knowledge performance and flexiblecross-media output. However, they also exposerisks such as content discrimination and algorithmcommercialization. This paper conducts anevidence-based analysis of digital education productrisks from four dimensions: “digital resourcesinformationdissemination-algorithm design-cognitiveassessment”. It breaks through corresponding identificationtechnologies and, relying on the diverse characteristicsof governance systems, explores governancestrategies for digital education products from the threedomains of “regulators-developers-users”.展开更多
目的探讨被动抬腿试验(PLR)联合左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI)评估外科ICU中急性循环衰竭(ACF)早期容量反应性的价值。方法采取前瞻性观察队列研究方法选取急性循环衰竭患者先后进行被动抬腿试验和容量负荷试验,试验前后采用经胸超声心...目的探讨被动抬腿试验(PLR)联合左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI)评估外科ICU中急性循环衰竭(ACF)早期容量反应性的价值。方法采取前瞻性观察队列研究方法选取急性循环衰竭患者先后进行被动抬腿试验和容量负荷试验,试验前后采用经胸超声心动图测量每搏量(SV),做左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI),定义试验前后SV增加(ΔSV)≥15%为有容量反应性,根据有无容量反应将患者分为有反应组和无反应组,观察两组PLR前后相关血流动力学参数的变化及其相关性,最后采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价VTI预测容量反应性的价值。结果研究共计纳入60例患者,其中有容量反应35例,无容量反应性25例;有容量反应性组PLR前后平均动脉压MAP(67±19 vs 73±13 mm Hg,P=0.02)、每搏量SV(48±11 vs 56±10 ml,P=0.03)、VTI(14±4 vs 18±5 cm,P=0.04)的变化存在显著统计学差异;PLR前后与容量负荷试验前后ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8846,P<0.0001);PLR后下腔静脉塌陷指数(c IVC)、ΔVTI与ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8034,P<0.001;r=9212,P<0.001),而CVP与ΔSV无显著相关性(r=-0.1121,P=3947);PLR后ΔVTI预测容量反应性AUC(ROC曲线下面积)为0.8686±0.04(P<0.001),其中ΔVTI>8.75%预测容量反应性敏感性和特异性分别为90.63%和85.00%,阳性预测率和阴性预测率分别为90.67%和84.00%。结论 PLR联合VTI可以准确预测外科ICU中急性循环衰竭患者容量反应性,可指导临床液体治疗。展开更多
Background Human rickettsioses are worldwide zoonoses and it is not easy to differentiate them from other infectious diseases because of their atypical manifestation. In recent years the number of patients with fever ...Background Human rickettsioses are worldwide zoonoses and it is not easy to differentiate them from other infectious diseases because of their atypical manifestation. In recent years the number of patients with fever of unknown causes from Hongta District CDC, Yuxi city of Yunnan Province has been increasing significantly in the summer. Diagnosis of scrub typhus was made by local clinicians. In order to ascertain the disease, we undertook a laboratory investigation for such patients from August 18 to 26, 2005. Methods Active surveillance was conducted by Hongta District CDC Yuxi city of Yunnan Province from 2002 to 2004 and basic data were obtained from cases confirmed according to clinical definitions. Average incidences and town-level incidences were calculated during the study periods. Blood samples were analyzed by PCR and serological test. Based on the groEL gene sequences a paired general outer primers （Gro-1 and Gro-2） targeting typhus, spotted fever as well as scrub typhus and two paired inner primers （SF1, SR2 and TF1, TR2） for typhus together with spotted fever and scrub typhus, respectively, were designed to perform a multiplex-nested PCR. Serological assay was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence assay with 7 different rickettsial antigens, i.e., R.mossori, R.sibirica, R.conorii, O.tsutsugamushi, B.quintana, B.henselae and Coxilella burnetii phase Ⅱ Ag. Results Epidemiological surveillance showed that from 2002 to 2004, the average incidences of the scrub typhus or scrub typhus with murine typhus were 222.1/10^5, 204.3/10^5 and 109.6/10^5, respectively. Of 13 blood samples taken during acute stage of illness, 6 showed the amplified products for scrub typhus and the sequenced products showed 100%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99% similarity to O.tsutsugamushi Karp but they shared the same deduced amino acid sequences, which indicated 100% identity with the heat shock protein of the O.tsutsugamushi Karp strain. Five yielded PCR products for murine typhus and their corresponding nucleotide sequences exhibited 100%, 100%, 99%, 99% and 99% similarity to R. mossori Wilmington and the analyses of predicted amino acid sequences indicated 100%, 100%, 98%, 98% and 98% identity with the heat shock protein of R. mossoriWilmington strain. Of the 8 PCR positive patients, 3 showed a co-infection of scrub typhus with murine typhus. All the 13 serum samples from febrile patients were positive against O. tsutsugamushi and 8 of them were positive against R. mossori. All of the 8 paired specimens had four-fold elevation of antibody against O. tsutsugamushi, and seroconversion for typhus was demonstrated in 3 paired serum samples. Another finding in the study was that a high seropositive prevalence （76.9%） of Q fever was detected. Concluaion It＇s confirmed that co-prevalence of scrub typhus with murine typhus are occurring in Yuxi city of Yunnan province, China. Other rickettsial diseases also need to be investigated in these areas.展开更多
基金supported by the 2022 National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62277002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3303500).
文摘The social transformation brought aboutby digital technology is deeply impacting various industries.Digital education products, with core technologiessuch as 5G, AI, IoT (Internet of Things),etc., are continuously penetrating areas such as teaching,management, and evaluation. Apps, miniprograms,and emerging large-scale models are providingexcellent knowledge performance and flexiblecross-media output. However, they also exposerisks such as content discrimination and algorithmcommercialization. This paper conducts anevidence-based analysis of digital education productrisks from four dimensions: “digital resourcesinformationdissemination-algorithm design-cognitiveassessment”. It breaks through corresponding identificationtechnologies and, relying on the diverse characteristicsof governance systems, explores governancestrategies for digital education products from the threedomains of “regulators-developers-users”.
文摘目的探讨被动抬腿试验(PLR)联合左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI)评估外科ICU中急性循环衰竭(ACF)早期容量反应性的价值。方法采取前瞻性观察队列研究方法选取急性循环衰竭患者先后进行被动抬腿试验和容量负荷试验,试验前后采用经胸超声心动图测量每搏量(SV),做左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI),定义试验前后SV增加(ΔSV)≥15%为有容量反应性,根据有无容量反应将患者分为有反应组和无反应组,观察两组PLR前后相关血流动力学参数的变化及其相关性,最后采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价VTI预测容量反应性的价值。结果研究共计纳入60例患者,其中有容量反应35例,无容量反应性25例;有容量反应性组PLR前后平均动脉压MAP(67±19 vs 73±13 mm Hg,P=0.02)、每搏量SV(48±11 vs 56±10 ml,P=0.03)、VTI(14±4 vs 18±5 cm,P=0.04)的变化存在显著统计学差异;PLR前后与容量负荷试验前后ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8846,P<0.0001);PLR后下腔静脉塌陷指数(c IVC)、ΔVTI与ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8034,P<0.001;r=9212,P<0.001),而CVP与ΔSV无显著相关性(r=-0.1121,P=3947);PLR后ΔVTI预测容量反应性AUC(ROC曲线下面积)为0.8686±0.04(P<0.001),其中ΔVTI>8.75%预测容量反应性敏感性和特异性分别为90.63%和85.00%,阳性预测率和阴性预测率分别为90.67%和84.00%。结论 PLR联合VTI可以准确预测外科ICU中急性循环衰竭患者容量反应性,可指导临床液体治疗。
基金the grant from the National Key Technologies R&D Program(No.2003BA712A02)
文摘Background Human rickettsioses are worldwide zoonoses and it is not easy to differentiate them from other infectious diseases because of their atypical manifestation. In recent years the number of patients with fever of unknown causes from Hongta District CDC, Yuxi city of Yunnan Province has been increasing significantly in the summer. Diagnosis of scrub typhus was made by local clinicians. In order to ascertain the disease, we undertook a laboratory investigation for such patients from August 18 to 26, 2005. Methods Active surveillance was conducted by Hongta District CDC Yuxi city of Yunnan Province from 2002 to 2004 and basic data were obtained from cases confirmed according to clinical definitions. Average incidences and town-level incidences were calculated during the study periods. Blood samples were analyzed by PCR and serological test. Based on the groEL gene sequences a paired general outer primers （Gro-1 and Gro-2） targeting typhus, spotted fever as well as scrub typhus and two paired inner primers （SF1, SR2 and TF1, TR2） for typhus together with spotted fever and scrub typhus, respectively, were designed to perform a multiplex-nested PCR. Serological assay was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence assay with 7 different rickettsial antigens, i.e., R.mossori, R.sibirica, R.conorii, O.tsutsugamushi, B.quintana, B.henselae and Coxilella burnetii phase Ⅱ Ag. Results Epidemiological surveillance showed that from 2002 to 2004, the average incidences of the scrub typhus or scrub typhus with murine typhus were 222.1/10^5, 204.3/10^5 and 109.6/10^5, respectively. Of 13 blood samples taken during acute stage of illness, 6 showed the amplified products for scrub typhus and the sequenced products showed 100%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99%, 99% similarity to O.tsutsugamushi Karp but they shared the same deduced amino acid sequences, which indicated 100% identity with the heat shock protein of the O.tsutsugamushi Karp strain. Five yielded PCR products for murine typhus and their corresponding nucleotide sequences exhibited 100%, 100%, 99%, 99% and 99% similarity to R. mossori Wilmington and the analyses of predicted amino acid sequences indicated 100%, 100%, 98%, 98% and 98% identity with the heat shock protein of R. mossoriWilmington strain. Of the 8 PCR positive patients, 3 showed a co-infection of scrub typhus with murine typhus. All the 13 serum samples from febrile patients were positive against O. tsutsugamushi and 8 of them were positive against R. mossori. All of the 8 paired specimens had four-fold elevation of antibody against O. tsutsugamushi, and seroconversion for typhus was demonstrated in 3 paired serum samples. Another finding in the study was that a high seropositive prevalence （76.9%） of Q fever was detected. Concluaion It＇s confirmed that co-prevalence of scrub typhus with murine typhus are occurring in Yuxi city of Yunnan province, China. Other rickettsial diseases also need to be investigated in these areas.
