低流度稠油油藏启动机制及主控因素实验研究

借助低流度稠油启动过程中沿驱动方向的压力跟踪测试,分析了启动的物理过程,评价各种测试方法的适应性,研究了温度、流度、驱动速度等对启动压力的影响规律,并回归检验了低流度稠油启动压力的算法模型。结果表明:稠油的启动是一个“压力传递—稠油部分流动—逐步扩大流动范围—整体稳态流动”的过程;对于低流度稠油油藏,传统启动压力测试方法会存在启动压力梯度值放大情况,通过测试岩心内部压差变化,可以规避端部效应对其影响,使得启动压力梯度测试更加精准;整体上启动压力梯度会随着驱动排量增大、流度减小、温度降低而呈现增大趋势,各因素影响敏感性上三者依次变弱;大流度、高温度下,启动压力梯度与驱动排量呈线性增大规律,在小流度、低温度下,启动压力梯度随着排量的增加存在明显拐点,其后启动压力梯度快速增大。低流度稠油开发过程中不宜采用大排量高压式注入方式,应当温和渐进式的驱替方式进行高效合理的开发。所回归的启动压力计算模型可综合考虑流度和排量的影响,可为低流度稠油油藏水驱开发方案设计提供借鉴。

低渗稠油高压降黏驱高黏阻滞带形成机制与主控因素——以胜利油田王152油藏为例

化学降黏剂驱已在胜利油田深层低渗稠油中开展了初步先导试验,但试验表明井间存在高黏阻滞带,降低了地层渗流能力。因此,借助降黏剂驱岩心流动实验,结合必要的测试分析,剖析低渗稠油降黏驱高黏阻滞带形成机制与主控因素。结果表明,大排量高压注入降黏剂会在驱替前缘形成高黏阻滞带,影响驱替压力传导、降低驱油效果。该高黏阻滞带形成核心机制在于:(1)高压注入增加低孔压区域有效应力,地层孔喉受到挤压损害渗流能力;(2)高压快速降黏剂驱时,轻质组分优先流出,重质组分滞留、堆积、压实从而堵塞细小孔隙,形成高黏稠油沉聚的高饱和度油墙;(3)高压注入降黏剂会加剧其指进窜流,驱替前缘易形成W/O乳状液,增大混合流体的黏度。由此,对于低渗稠油油藏降黏驱开发,应采取多轮次温和注入降黏剂的开发模式,渐进式建立注采井间稠油整体驱动,进而有效规避稠油高黏阻滞带的形成,提高降黏剂驱油效果。

水力脉动波驱动微观剩余油实验与机理分析

为了明确水力脉动波驱动剩余油的微观机理,利用水力脉动微观可视化驱替装置开展水力脉动波驱动剩余油微观可视化实验。实验结果表明,对于水驱后残存的膜状、柱状、簇状、盲端4种剩余油类型,水力脉动波通过扰动油水界面,打破界面微平衡,使注入水侵入小孔道和盲孔与其中的剩余油接触,通过变形叠加效应将剩余油推动或剥离至主流通道,再由注入水携带驱出。其中,脉动频率主要影响簇状、盲端剩余油,频率为1 Hz的水力脉动波提高采收率效果最好;脉动振幅值主要影响膜状、柱状剩余油,振幅值越大,水力脉动波驱动剩余油越多;存在较低强度的续流压力和持压端压力可以促进脉动能量集中,大幅提高簇状剩余油的动用效果;温度升高会促进水力脉动波发挥其动用剩余油的作用,从而提高驱油效率。

Experimental characterization and mechanism of hydraulic pulsation waves driving microscopic residual oil

To clarify microscopic mechanisms of residual oil displacement by hydraulic pulsation wave,microscopic visualization experiments of hydraulic pulsation wave driving residual oil were carried out by using the microscopic visualization device of pulsating water drive.For the four types of residual oil left in the reservoir after water flooding,i.e.membrane,column,cluster,and blind end residual oils,hydraulic pulsation waves broke the micro-equilibrium of the interface by disturbing the oil-water interface,so that the injected water invaded into and contacted with the remaining oil in small pores and blind holes,and the remaining oil was pushed or stripped to the mainstream channel by deformation superposition effect and then carried out by the injected water.In the displacement,the pulsation frequency mainly affected the cluster and blind end remaining oil,and the hydraulic pulsation wave with a frequency of about 1 Hz had the best effect in improving the recovery.The pulsation amplitude value mainly affected the membrane and column residual oil,and the larger the amplitude value,the more remaining oil the hydraulic pulsation wave would displace.The presence of low intensity continuous flow pressure and holding pressure end pressure promoted the concentration of pulsating energy and greatly improve the recovery of cluster residual oil.The rise in temperature made the hydraulic pulsation wave work better in displacing remaining oil,improving the efficiency of oil flooding.