“绿水青山就是金山银山”的景观生态学内涵探讨

“绿水青山就是金山银山”是习近平总书记对当代生态学理论的重大创新。本文从景观生态学学科角度探讨了“绿水青山就是金山银山”理论内涵,提出“绿水青山”就是各种自然景观格局,“金山银山”就是自然景观格局的生态系统服务功能。各种自然景观格局与其生态系统服务功能之间的复杂耦合机制是“绿水青山就是金山银山”理论的景观生态学基本内涵。“绿水青山就是金山银山”的景观生态学价值实现途径主要体现在碳汇价值与碳贸易、生态旅游与自然科普、特色食品与原材料贸易、生态补偿。其应用主要体现在:(1)景观生态价值认知与实践;(2)景观生态监测与评价。(3)景观生态规划与管理。通过以上探讨希望进一步深化习近平总书记“两山论”的景观生态学学科认知,形成我国生态文明建设的生态学学科理论基础。

秦皇岛海域海流特征及规模化养殖对其影响的观测研究

秦皇岛海域是辽东湾与渤海中部及渤海湾进行物质和能量交换的重要通道。本文基于海床基观测平台获取的夏秋季海流连续观测资料,运用调和分析和滤波等方法对该海域的海流特征及其对规模化养殖的响应进行了研究。结果表明:秦皇岛海域最显著的潮流是M_2分潮流,其最大流速介于20.0～36.9 cm/s之间,远小于辽东湾东部海域M_2分潮流最大流速;秋季秦皇岛海域余流流速介于0.2～2.5 cm/s之间,整体上较辽东湾东侧海域余流弱,辽东湾底层可能存在逆时针的弱环流系统;夏季秦皇岛海域M_2和K_1分潮流的最大流速均大于秋季;养殖活动对余流影响较大,养殖区中部A7、A8站余流的垂向平均流速比养殖区边缘A6站分别减小76%和18%左右。

海洋牧场生境营造中“三场一通道”理论应用研究

针对目前我国现代海洋牧场建设中存在的“增而不殖”问题,在系统分析天然海洋渔场“三场一通道”生境体系的基础上,提出海洋牧场人工生态系统、渔业资源关键功能群及其“三场一通道”生境体系概念内涵,并从海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境系统仿生营造原理、“三场一通道”生境营造方案设计具体步骤、海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造布局3个方面分析了海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造思路;最后探讨了海洋牧场“三场一通道”生境营造方式,包括人工鱼礁、海藻场、珊瑚礁、海草床、牡蛎礁等功能生境营造。研究以期通过“三场一通道”生境体系的系统营造,实现我国海洋牧场渔业资源繁殖再生与规模补充,提升海洋牧场渔业资源自我繁殖与持续生产能力。

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of Regional Marine Ecosystem Services Value

Marine ecosystem services are the benefits which people obtain from the marine ecosystem,including provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services and supporting services. The human species,while buffered against environmental changes by culture and technology,is fundamentally dependent on the flow of ecosystem services. Marine ecosystem services become increasingly valuable as the terrestrial resources become scarce. The value of marine ecosystem services is the monetary flow of ecosystem services on specific temporal and spatial scales,which often changes due to the variation of the goods prices,yields and the status of marine exploitation. Sensitivity analysis is to study the relationship between the value of marine ecosystem services and the main factors which affect it. Uncertainty analysis based on varying prices,yields and status of marine exploitation was carried out. Through uncertainty analysis,a more credible value range instead of a fixed value of marine ecosystem services was obtained in this study. Moreover,sensitivity analysis of the marine ecosystem services value revealed the relative importance of different factors.

Assessment and regulation of ocean health based on ecosystem services: Case study in the Laizhou Bay, China

The ecosystem-based management of nearshore waters requires integrated assessment of ocean health and scientific guidance on artificial regulations to promote sustainable development. Quantitative approaches were developed in this paper to assess present and near-term ocean health based on ecosystem services. Results of the case study in the Laizhou Bay of China showed that the index score of ocean health was 0.785 6 out of 1.0 at present and was expected to range from 0.555 1 to 0.804 1 in the near-term future depending on different intensities of artificial regulation of negative pressures. Specifically, the results of ocean health at present mainly indicated that cultural services and provisioning services performed essentially perfectly while supporting services and regulating services functioned less well. It can be concluded that this nearshore ecosystem would partially lose supporting and regulating services in the near-term future if the increasing pressures were not wellregulated but that all of these categories of ecosystem services could be slightly improved if the negative pressures were fully controlled. Additionally, it is recommended that publicity and education on ecosystem services especially on cultural services and regulating services should be further strengthened. The analytical process and resulting quantification provide flexible tools to guide future development of regulations so as to facilitate ecosystem-based management in the coastal zone.

A model to assess fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island ecosystem:A case study in the southern Miaodao Archipelago of China

Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.

现代海洋牧场建设的人工生态系统理论思考

文章在系统总结国内外海洋牧场概念演进过程及其实践发展历程的基础上,提出现代海洋牧场建设存在生态学理论缺失、生态工程技术缺少、生态管理缺位问题。以问题为导向提出海洋牧场人工生态系统概念,并从海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群构造及其生境营造角度,全面剖析了海洋牧场人工生态系统的结构原理。最后探讨了海洋牧场人工生态系统构筑的基本范式,包括海洋牧场人工生态系统方案规划设计、生态工程与智能工程建设、生态适应性管理模式建立等,以期为我国现代海洋牧场建设探索生态学理论体系。

Interactions between natural biofilm,substratum surface wettability,and mussel plantigrade settlement

Mytilus galloprovincialis is a major fouling organism in the inter-tidal zone.However,the interactions between M.galloprovincialis plantigrade settlement,biofilm characteristics,and surface wettability remains unknown.Here,we examined M.galloprovincialis plantigrade settlement responses to marine biofilms(BFs)on surfaces of varying wettability.No significant difference in mussel settlement was observed on young BFs(7 d)on surfaces of differing wettability;while settlement decreased on older BFs(14,21,and 28 d)formed on low compared to high wettability surfaces.Surface wettability affected BF characteristics.The standardized harmonic mean and water contact angles values were not correlated with diatom density and chlorophyll a concentration,but were correlated with bacterial density,dry weight,and thickness.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that bacterial community structure differed on BFs on surfaces of varying wettability.Thus,surface wettability affects biofilm characteristics,and the subsequent changes in BF characteristics may be responsible for the variation in biofilm-inducing activity of M.galloprovincialis plantigrade settlement.