为准确预知地膜覆盖与作物的匹配情况,该研究针对南疆棉田,在大田试验基础上应用根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version 2,RZWQM2),对2016-2017年籽棉产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)等数据进行模型参数率...为准确预知地膜覆盖与作物的匹配情况,该研究针对南疆棉田,在大田试验基础上应用根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version 2,RZWQM2),对2016-2017年籽棉产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)等数据进行模型参数率定与验证,利用验证后的模型模拟地膜覆盖时间55~105 d下以3 d为间隔的地上部生物量、籽棉产量和水分利用效率,并对2018年和2019年不同地膜覆盖时间下棉花生长状况进行预测。结果表明,各层土壤含水率模拟值和实测值之间的均方根误差和均方误差分别在0.02~0.04 cm3/cm3、5.90%~28.66%之间,地上部生物量和籽棉产量的一致性指数分别为0.70~0.93和0.80~0.94。2 a间地上部生物量随地膜覆盖时间的延长而增加,籽棉产量和水分利用效率呈先上升后下降的趋势,其峰值分别出现在91~93 d和97~99 d。因此,在南疆地区选用适宜的地膜覆盖时间为91~99 d,有利于降低残膜污染风险,保持较高的籽棉产量和水分利用效率。展开更多
Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecolo...Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecological and environmental problems.In order to improve the resource use efficiency in these areas,we investigated the effects of different irrigation amounts(400(I1),300(I2)and 200(I3)mm)and nitrogen application rates(300(F1)and 150(F2)kg N/hm^(2))on water consumption,salt variation and resource use efficiency of spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the Hetao Irrigation District(HID)of Northwest China in 2017 and 2018.Result showed that soil water contents were 0.2%-8.9%and 13.9%-18.1%lower for I2 and I3 than for I1,respectively,but that was slightly higher for F2 than for F1.Soil salt contents were 7.8%-23.5%and 48.5%-48.9%lower for I2 than for I1 and I3,but that was 1.6%-5.5%higher for F1 than for F2.Less salt leaching at the early growth stage(from sowing to six-leaf stage)and higher salt accumulation at the peak growth stage(from six-leaf to tasseling stage and from grain-filling to maturity stage)resulted in a higher soil salt content for I3 than for I1 and I2.Grain yields for I1 and I2 were significantly higher than that for I3 and irrigation water use efficiency for I2 was 14.7%-34.0%higher than that for I1.Compared with F1,F2 increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of nitrogen fertilizer by more than 80%.PFP was not significantly different between I1F2 and I2F2,but significantly higher than those of other treatments.Considering the goal of saving water and nitrogen resources,and ensuring food security,we recommended the combination of I2F2 to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the HID and other similar arid saline areas.展开更多
文摘为准确预知地膜覆盖与作物的匹配情况,该研究针对南疆棉田,在大田试验基础上应用根区水质模型(Root Zone Water Quality Model-version 2,RZWQM2),对2016-2017年籽棉产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)等数据进行模型参数率定与验证,利用验证后的模型模拟地膜覆盖时间55~105 d下以3 d为间隔的地上部生物量、籽棉产量和水分利用效率,并对2018年和2019年不同地膜覆盖时间下棉花生长状况进行预测。结果表明,各层土壤含水率模拟值和实测值之间的均方根误差和均方误差分别在0.02~0.04 cm3/cm3、5.90%~28.66%之间,地上部生物量和籽棉产量的一致性指数分别为0.70~0.93和0.80~0.94。2 a间地上部生物量随地膜覆盖时间的延长而增加,籽棉产量和水分利用效率呈先上升后下降的趋势,其峰值分别出现在91~93 d和97~99 d。因此,在南疆地区选用适宜的地膜覆盖时间为91~99 d,有利于降低残膜污染风险,保持较高的籽棉产量和水分利用效率。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879224,51609237)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2019NY-190).
文摘Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecological and environmental problems.In order to improve the resource use efficiency in these areas,we investigated the effects of different irrigation amounts(400(I1),300(I2)and 200(I3)mm)and nitrogen application rates(300(F1)and 150(F2)kg N/hm^(2))on water consumption,salt variation and resource use efficiency of spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the Hetao Irrigation District(HID)of Northwest China in 2017 and 2018.Result showed that soil water contents were 0.2%-8.9%and 13.9%-18.1%lower for I2 and I3 than for I1,respectively,but that was slightly higher for F2 than for F1.Soil salt contents were 7.8%-23.5%and 48.5%-48.9%lower for I2 than for I1 and I3,but that was 1.6%-5.5%higher for F1 than for F2.Less salt leaching at the early growth stage(from sowing to six-leaf stage)and higher salt accumulation at the peak growth stage(from six-leaf to tasseling stage and from grain-filling to maturity stage)resulted in a higher soil salt content for I3 than for I1 and I2.Grain yields for I1 and I2 were significantly higher than that for I3 and irrigation water use efficiency for I2 was 14.7%-34.0%higher than that for I1.Compared with F1,F2 increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of nitrogen fertilizer by more than 80%.PFP was not significantly different between I1F2 and I2F2,but significantly higher than those of other treatments.Considering the goal of saving water and nitrogen resources,and ensuring food security,we recommended the combination of I2F2 to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the HID and other similar arid saline areas.
