High Potassium Aggravates the Oxidative Stress Inducedy by Magnesium Deficiency in Rice Leaves

Magnesium （Mg） deficiency in plant affects photosynthesis and many other metabolic processes. Rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. ＇Wuyunjing 7＇） plants were grown in hydroponics culture at three Mg and two potassium （K） levels under greenhouse conditions to examine the induction of oxidative stress and consequent antioxidant responses in rice leaves due to Mg deficiency. At low Mg （0.2 mmol L 1 Mg supply for two weeks after transplanting） and high K （6 mmol L^-1） for 21 days, the rice plants showed severe Mg deficiency and a significant decreases in the dry matter production. The Mg deficiency in leaves decreased chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic activity, and soluble protein, but significantly increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and malondialdchyde （MDA） and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOLD, EC 1.15.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.11.1.6） and peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）. In addition, Mg concentrations in the leaves and in the shoot biomass were negatively related to the activities of the three antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of MDA in leaves. There were very significant interactive effects between Mg and K supplied in the culture solution on shoot biomass yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, and MDA content in the leaves of rice. It is suggested that the high K level in the nutrient solution aggravated the effect of low Mg supply-induced Mg deficiency and created the oxidative damage in rice plants.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Pb-4对穴盘育苗番茄生长及生理特性的影响

【目的】以穴盘育苗番茄为试材,研究分析了Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Pb-4对植物的促生作用及应用潜力,为该菌在番茄穴盘育苗上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用穴盘育苗的方法,以B a c i l l u s amyloliquefaciens Pb-4在PYJ培养基中培养48 h的发酵液为接种剂,设置不接种(CK)和接种20(T20)、60(T60)、100(T100)和200(T200)m L/L基质5个处理,番茄幼苗四叶一心时取样分析其生理指标。【结果】1)Pb-4显著促进了番茄幼苗地上部的生长,其中T100处理的促生作用最强,株高、茎粗、叶面积以及地上部干重较CK处理显著增加了28.5%、23.9%、57.4%和42.4%,而T200处理的促生作用下降;Pb-4促进了番茄幼苗根系的生长,显著增加了根系直径大于0.5 mm的根长占总根长的比重,T20处理的根表面积和根体积最大,较CK处理显著增加了16.9%和34.2%,但与T100处理间差异不显著。2)Pb-4显著增加了番茄幼苗光合色素含量,其中T100处理的总叶绿素含量最高,CK处理最低,T20、T60、T100和T200处理分别较CK处理增加5.8%、9.4%、12.6%和7.6%;Pb-4提高了番茄幼苗茎、叶中IAA和GA_3的含量,而对根中IAA和GA_3的含量没有影响。3)相关性分析表明,番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干重与叶片光合色素含量、茎中IAA、GA_3以及叶片中GA_3的含量显著相关,而根系干重与光合色素含量、茎中IAA含量显著相关,根表面积与叶片IAA以及根系中GA_3的含量显著相关,根体积与叶片中IAA含量显著相关。【结论】Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Pb-4可促进番茄幼苗地上部生长,改变根系形态特征,提高番茄叶片光合色素以及不同器官中IAA和GA_3含量,其对番茄幼苗的促生作用在施用量为100 m L/L基质时最佳,超过该施用量促生作用降低。