Spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services and driving factors in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve of Xinjiang,China

Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.

基于^137Cs的新疆准东地区不同土地利用类型土壤风蚀特征研究

风力侵蚀是准东干旱与半干旱地区土地沙漠化的关键因素,通过野外考察和土壤^(137)Cs取样分析,对准东地区不同土地利用类型下土壤^(137)Cs分布特征及风力侵蚀进行了初步研究。研究表明,不同土地利用类型土壤^(137)Cs剖面分布特征不同,^(137)Cs基本分布在0~20 cm,甚至更浅,^(137)Cs活度值介于0~65.50 Bq/kg;各样点^(137)Cs总量介于0~1 698.29Bq/m^2,其中背景值为1 698.29 Bq/m^2,不同地类^(137)Cs总量排序为:低平地草甸(背景值样点)>灌丛沙堆>荒漠草地>砾石戈壁>盐碱地>耕地>固定沙地>半固定沙地>风蚀裸地;估算出耕地和非耕地各样点的风蚀速率,耕地平均风蚀速率为744.50 t/(km^2·a),非耕地风蚀速率介于945.06~4 404.01 t/(km^2·a)之间,平均值为2 589.96 t/(km^2·a)。

气候变化对新疆雪岭云杉潜在适宜分布及生态位分化的影响

探究气候变化对天山森林植物潜在空间分布的影响及其模拟预测有助于揭示中尺度下植物分布格局对气候变化的适应对策和反馈机制,对促进干旱区山地森林生态系统的生物多样性保育和森林资源可持续管理有着重要的科学和实践意义。基于雪岭云杉的分布点数据和环境因子数据,利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型、GIS工具及R软件估计其在基准气候(1970-2000年)及2050(2041-2060年)和2070(2061-2080年)时段基于RCPs气候情景下的潜在分布范围、空间格局变化及生态位分化。结果表明:(1)雪岭云杉在基准气候下的潜在分布与2019年秋季的NDVI植被覆盖变化基本保持一致,高适生分布区主要分布在东疆的哈密、巴里坤和伊吾,北疆主要分布在天山北坡、博格达山、北塔山和伊犁河谷,南疆主要分布在天山南坡。另外,在阿尔泰山南坡、塔城、裕民、托里、西昆仑山和小帕米尔山地也有分布。(2)限制雪岭云杉潜在分布的关键因子为降水(最干月降水量、最冷季降水量和降水季节性)和温度(最干季平均温度、年均温、等温性和气温年较差)、土壤剖面有效含水量、土壤碳密度及海拔,其累计贡献率之和达到87.28%。(3)2050和2070时段,雪岭云杉的适宜分布范围均呈不显著的增加趋势,但RCP6.0情景比RCP2.6较显著,分别扩增了3.33%和3.47%;低、中、高适生区均保持相对稳定的变化,从RCP2.6到RCP6.0情景下增幅分别在1.78%、1.26%和0.98%左右;适生分布区的重心总体上呈现出向高纬度、向东北迁移的趋势,但变化幅度不显著。(4)PCA分析表明雪岭云杉在南疆的气候生态位最广泛、北疆次之、东疆最窄,生态位分化检测表明北疆、南疆和东疆未发生明显分化。

降低湍流机位风电机组偏航滑移和发电差异率

某风电场地处低山丘陵,复杂的地形导致吹向风电机组的风不稳定,多台机组受湍流影响,风电机组故障停机,机舱偏航滑移。机舱不对风,风能利用率低,发电差异率高,发电量明显受影响。运用数据分析,通过对比同海拔下风电机组发电量,分析风电机组所受风能不同月份的分布与发电差异率的关系,从优找出提高湍流风电机组发电量,降低发电差异率的措施。